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91.
Kiyoshi Migita Toru Arai Naoki Ishizuka Yuka Jiuchi Yasuharu Sasaki Yasumori Izumi Tetsuyuki Kiyokawa Eiichi Suematsu Tomoya Miyamura Hiroshi Tsutani Yojiro Kawabe Ryutaro Matsumura Shunsuke Mori Shiro Ohshima Shigeru Yoshizawa Kenji Kawakami Yasuo Suenaga Hideo Nishimura Toyohiko Sugimoto Hiroaki Iwase Hideyuki Sawada Haruhiro Yamashita Shigeyuki Kuratsu Fumitaka Ogushi Masaharu Kawabata Toshihiro Matsui Hiroshi Furukawa Seiji Bito Shigeto Tohma 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background/Aims
The Japanese National Hospital Organization evidence-based medicine (EBM) Study group for Adverse effects of Corticosteroid therapy (J-NHOSAC) is a Japanese hospital-based cohort study investigating the safety of the initial use of glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases. Using the J-NHOSAC registry, the purpose of this observational study is to analyse the rates, characteristics and associated risk factors of intracellular infections in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases who were initially treated with GCs.Methodology/Principal Findings
A total 604 patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases treated with GCs were enrolled in this registry between April 2007 and March 2009. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to determine independent risk factors for serious intracellular infections with covariates including sex, age, co-morbidity, laboratory data, use of immunosuppressants and dose of GCs. Survival was analysed according to the Kaplan-Meier method and was assessed by the log-rank test. There were 127 serious infections, including 43 intracellular infections, during 1105.8 patient-years of follow-up. The 43 serious intracellular infections resulted in 8 deaths. After adjustment for covariates, diabetes (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–5.9), lymphocytopenia (≦1000/μl, OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.2) and use of high-dose (≧30 mg/day) GCs (OR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3) increased the risk of intracellular infections. Survival curves showed lower intracellular infection-free survival rate in patients with diabetes, lymphocytopaenia and high-dose GCs treatments.Conclusions/Significance
Patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases were at high risk of developing intracellular infection during initial treatment with GCs. Our findings provide background data on the risk of intracellular infections of patients with autoimmune diseases. Clinicians showed remain vigilant for intracellular infections in patients with autoimmune diseases who are treated with GCs. 相似文献92.
Yoshitaka Kaitsu Kiminori Shimizu Eiji Tanaka Satoshi Shimano Shigeru Uchiyama Chihiro Tanaka Noriko Kinjo 《Mycological Progress》2013,12(4):755-761
Ophiocordyceps sessilis, a new species of Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, was found on Camponotus obscuripes ants, where the ants were primarily infected by another close relative, O. pulvinata. Morphological observation clearly indicated that O. sessilis and O. pulvinata are distinct species. Ophiocordyceps sessilis exhibited superficial development of perithecia and ascospore disarticulation into part-spores, not known in O. pulvinata. Nucleotide sequence data suggested that O. sessilis belongs in Ophiocordyceps, Ophiocordycipitaceae. Molecular data also indicated that O. sessilis is a close relative of O. cuboidea, O. prolifica, O. paracuboidea, and O. ryogamiensis, which are all known to produce part-spores. Since O. sessilis is always associated with ants infected by O. pulvinata, O. sessilis may be a hyperparasite of O. pulvinata. 相似文献
93.
King-Wah Chiu Toshiaki Nakano Kuang-Den Chen Chia-Yun Lai Li-Wen Hsu Ho-Ching Chiu Ching-Yin Huang Yu-Fan Cheng Shigeru Goto Chao-Long Chen 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
This study used pyrosequencing to determine the proportional distribution of CYP3A5*3 genotypes to further confirm the homogeneous phenomenon that is observed when recipients and donors in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have a different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype. We enrolled 42 recipient/living donor pairs and the SNPs of CYP3A5*3 were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We performed 120 liver graft biopsies as part of clinical investigations after LDLT. Pyrosequencing of the CYP3A5*3 SNPs revealed that among the 16 recipients with the G/G genotype, 94.68% had the G and 5.32% the A allele. Among the 14 recipients with the A/G genotype, 78.08% had the G and 21.92% the A allele, and among the 12 recipients with the A/A genotype, 18.45% had the G and 81.55% the A allele. Among the 12 donors with the G/G genotype, 93.85% had the G and 6.14% the A allele. Among the 26 donors with the A/G genotype, 75.73% had the G and 24.27% the A allele, and among the 4 donors with the A/A genotype, 11.09% had the G and 88.91% the A allele. There were a total of 120 liver graft biopsy samples; among the 37 recipients with the G/G genotype, 89.74% had the G and 10.26% the A allele, among the 70 recipients with the A/G genotype, 71.57% had the G and 28.43% the A allele, and among the 13 recipients with the A/A genotype, 48.25% had the G and 51.75% the A allele. The proportional distribution of G and A alleles of the CYP3A5*3 SNP between recipients/donors and liver grafts after LDLT was significantly different (p<0.001). Pyrosequencing was useful in identifying detailed proportional changes of the CYP3A5*3 SNP allele distribution, and to confirm the homogeneous phenomenon when recipients and donors in LDLT have a different genotype. 相似文献
94.
Shigeru Kitanishi Masaki Nishio Kazuhiko Uehara Rikiya Ogawa Tatsuya Yokoyama Kaneaki Edo 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2013,96(4):567-572
In this study, the level of genetic diversity of captive populations of the itasenpara bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) was assessed to obtain information useful for successful captive breeding and reintroduction; this analysis was performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data. Comparison of the captive and wild populations showed low levels of genetic diversity within the captive population and significant genetic differentiation among the captive populations and also between the wild and captive populations, suggesting at chance effect during the founding process for the captive population and a subsequent genetic drift. Therefore, for successful reintroduction, it is important that the reintroduced population reflects all the genetic diversity available from the captive populations, and that releasing a large number of individuals that consist of all captive populations. 相似文献
95.
Residual stress is defined as the stress that remains in bone tissue without any external forces. This study investigated the effects of growth on residual stress distributions from the surface to deeper regions of cortical cylinders obtained from less-than-one-month-old (Group Y) and two-year-old (Group M) bovine femurs. In these experiments, five diaphysis specimens from each group were used. Residual stress was measured using a high-energy synchrotron white X-ray beam to penetrate X-rays into the deeper region of the bone specimens. The measurements in the cortical cylinders from Groups Y and M were performed at 0.5- and 1-mm intervals, respectively, from the outer surface to the deeper region of the diaphysis specimens at four positions: anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial. The residual stress was calculated on the basis of variation in the interplanar spacing of hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone tissue. According to the results, the diaphysis specimens from Group Y were not subjected to large residual stresses (average −1.2 MPa and 2.4 MPa at the surface region and 1.5 mm depth, respectively). In Group M, the surface region of the diaphysis specimens was subjected to tensile residual stresses (average 6.7 MPa) and the deeper region was subjected to compressive stresses (average −8.2 MPa at 3 mm depth). There was a strong significant difference between both these regions. The value of residual stresses at the surface region of the diaphysis specimens in both the groups had a positive statistical correlation with the cortical thickness at the measured locations. 相似文献
96.
97.
Tadashi Shimamura Satoe Iijima Mitsuhiro Hirayama Masato Iwashita Shigeru Akiyama Yuichi Takaku Sakae Yumoto 《Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology》2013,27(4):286-294
The concentrations of 22 major and trace elements in livers from rats aging from 5 to 113 weeks old were determined. The rats investigated were the same rats previously reported with respect to 29 elements in bones (femur) and 26 elements in kidneys. The samples were decomposed with high-purity nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Seven elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and 15 elements (Mn, Co, Cu, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb and Bi) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for age variations indicated that the concentrations of many elements, such as Mg, P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo and Cd, were almost constant across the ages of the rats with the exception of 5 weeks old (p > 0.05). Arsenic, Pb and Bi showed significant increasing trends, while Na and Co showed decreasing trends (p < 0.01). Selenium showed a decreasing trend except at the initial stage of 5–9 weeks old. Calcium, Rb, Sn, Sb, Cs and Ba showed significant age-related variations, but their patterns were not monotonic. The liver clearly contrasts with the kidneys, in which many elements showed significant age-related variations with increasing trends. The concentration ranges of Mg, P, K, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo were controlled within 15% across all ages of rats. The homeostasis of the aforementioned elements may be well established in the liver. The toxic elements, such as Cd, Pb and Bi, showed a narrow concentration range among age-matched rats. 相似文献
98.
Tomohiko Mori Shigeru Utsumi Hisaji Inaba 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2317-2322
Native subunit proteins of glycinin, the acidic and the basic subunits designated as AS1+2, AS2+3, AS4, AS5, and AS6 and BS, respectively, were isolated by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography in the presence of 6 m urea and 0.2 m 2-mercaptoethanol.Reconstitution of intermediary subunits involving a disulfide bridge from native acidic and basic subunits was investigated. Formation of the intermediary subunit was observed in combinations between BS and each acidic subunit except AS6. The yields of the reconstituted intermediary subunits differed from one another.Further, formation of the intermediary complexes was observed when native acidic and basic subunits of soybean glycinin and sesame 13 S globulin, respectively (or reverse combinations), were mixed under reductively denatured condition and subjected to the reconstitution procedure. Considerring the overall evidence, we may conclude that the complexes are probably a hybrid intermediary subunit. 相似文献
99.
Yasushi Morinaga Shigeru Yamanaka Koichi Takinami 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):2113-2114
In the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, histidine-to-aspartate (His-to-Asp) phosphorelay signal transduction systems play crucial roles in propagation of environmental stimuli, including plant hormones. This plant has 11 sensor His-kinases, 5 histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) factors (AHPs), and 20 response regulators (ARRs). To gain new insight into the functions of these phosphorelay components, their intracellular localization was examined with use of GFP-fusion proteins, constructed for certain representatives of HPt factors (AHP2) and type-A and type-B ARRs (ARR6/ARR7 and ARR10, respectively). The results showed that AHP2 is mainly located in the cytoplasmic space, while both the types of ARRs have an ability to enter preferentially into the nuclei, if not exclusively. Together with the results from an in vitro phosphorelay assay with AHP2 and ARRs, these results are discussed, in terms of a geneal framework of the Arabidopsis His-to-Asp phosphorelay network. 相似文献
100.
Masahiro Hori Shigeru Sanai Setsuo Takeuchi Akira Kawarada 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):1693-1700
The seedlings of rice, eggplant and tomato at the 5th leaf stage of growth readily absorbed exogenous 14C-nicotinamide through the root and the foliage in water culture. Within the 24 hr period after the bigining of cultivation, the radioactivity gradually translocated from the part treated with 14C-nicotinamide to the whole plant body. This compound was rapidly metabolised in the plants to at least six metabolites, in which three compounds were identified as nicotinic acid, NAD and NADP. 14C-Nicotinic acid was also taken up quickly through the root of rice and its metabolism showed a similar pattern to that of 14C-nicotinamide. The incorporation of radioactivity into NAD and NADP from 14C-nicotinamide added to cultivating solution at a concentration of 0.21 ppm was decreased to 10~20% by the simultaneous addition of unlabeled nicotinic acid at a concentration about 1000 times higher than that of the labeled one. It was concluded that the biosynthesis of these pyridine nucleotides from nicotinamide was chiefly via nicotinic acid. The formation of 14C-nicotinamide in the 14C-nicotinic acid metabolism suggested a breakdown of NAD. Three unknown compounds observed in both the metabolisms described above were not intermediates in the pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis. 相似文献