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71.
72.
Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama Jumpei Uchiyama Shin-ichiro Kato Takako Ujihara Masanori Daibata Shigenobu Matsuzaki 《Annals of microbiology》2014,64(3):1453-1456
The genomes of Staphylococcus phages S25-3 and S25-4 (family Myoviridae, genus Twort-like viruses) were sequenced and analyzed from an evolutionary perspective. The genome-based phylogeny and genome analyses of phages S25-3 and S25-4 showed that they had diverged evolutionarily from the majority of this viral genus based on the presence of mobile genetic elements, i.e., a putative transposase and the homing endonuclease I-MsaI. These results suggest that genetic elements such as transposases and homing endonucleases are likely to be involved with the evolution of some Twort-like phages, including phages S25-3 and S25-4. 相似文献
73.
Shigenobu Yonemura 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Establishment of apical-basal polarity is crucial for epithelial sheets that form a compartment in the body, which function to maintain the environment in the compartment. Effects of impaired polarization are easily observed in three-dimensional (3-D) culture systems rather than in two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems. Although the mechanisms for establishing the polarity are not completely understood, signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are considered to be essential for determining the basal side and eventually generating polarity in the epithelial cells. To elucidate the common features and differences in polarity establishment among various epithelial cells, we analyzed the formation of epithelial apical-basal polarity using three cell lines of different origin: MDCK II cells (dog renal tubules), EpH4 cells (mouse mammary gland), and R2/7 cells (human colon) expressing wild-type α-catenin (R2/7 α-Cate cells). These cells showed clear apical-basal polarity in 2-D cultures. In 3-D cultures, however, each cell line displayed different responses to the same ECM. In MDCK II cells, spheroids with a single lumen formed in both Matrigel and collagen gel. In R2/7 α-Cate cells, spheroids showed similar apical-basal polarity as that seen in MDCK II cells, but had multiple lumens. In EpH4 cells, the spheroids displayed an apical-basal polarity that was opposite to that seen in the other two cell types in both ECM gels, at least during the culture period. On the other hand, the three cell lines showed the same apical-basal polarity both in 2-D cultures and in 3-D cultures using the hanging drop method. The three lines also had similar cellular responses to ECM secreted by the cells themselves. Therefore, appropriate culture conditions should be carefully determined in advance when using various epithelial cells to analyze cell polarity or 3-D morphogenesis. 相似文献
74.
75.
A novel actinomycete derived from wheat heads degrades deoxynivalenol in the grain of wheat and barley affected by Fusarium head blight 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michihiro Ito Ikuo Sato Motoo Koitabashi Shigenobu Yoshida Machiko Imai Seiya Tsushima 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,96(4):1059-1070
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a hazardous and globally prevalent mycotoxin in cereals. It commonly accumulates in the grain of wheat, barley and other small grain cereals affected by Fusarium head blight (caused by several Fusarium species). The concept of reducing DON in naturally contaminated grain of wheat or barley using a DON-degrading bacterium is promising but has not been accomplished. In this study, we isolated a novel DON-utilising actinomycete, Marmoricola sp. strain MIM116, from wheat heads through a novel isolation procedure including an in situ plant enrichment step. Strain MIM116 had background degradation activity, and the activity was enhanced twofold by the consumption of DON. Among Tween 20, Triton X-100 and Tween 80, we selected Tween 80 as a spreading agent of strain MIM116 because it promoted DON degradation and the growth of strain MIM116 in the presence of DON. The inoculation of MIM116 cell suspension plus 0.01% Tween 80 into 1,000 harvested kernels of wheat and barley resulted in a DON decrease from approximately 3 mg kg?1 to less than 1 mg kg?1 of dry kernels, even when cells had only basal levels of DON-degrading activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that describes (1) the isolation of a DON-degrading bacterium from wheat heads, (2) the effects of surfactants on the biodegradation of DON and (3) the decrease of DON levels in naturally contaminated wheat and barley grain using a DON-degrading bacterium. 相似文献
76.
Makoto Matsuyama Hiroki Tanaka Akihito Inoko Hidemasa Goto Shigenobu Yonemura Kyoko Kobori Yuko Hayashi Eisaku Kondo Shigeyoshi Itohara Ichiro Izawa Masaki Inagaki 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(50):35626-35635
Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein, is phosphorylated predominantly in mitosis. The expression of a phosphorylation-compromised vimentin mutant in T24 cultured cells leads to cytokinetic failure, resulting in binucleation (multinucleation). The physiological significance of intermediate filament phosphorylation during mitosis for organogenesis and tissue homeostasis was uncertain. Here, we generated knock-in mice expressing vimentin that have had the serine sites phosphorylated during mitosis substituted by alanine residues. Homozygotic mice (VIMSA/SA) presented with microophthalmia and cataracts in the lens, whereas heterozygotic mice (VIMWT/SA) were indistinguishable from WT (VIMWT/WT) mice. In VIMSA/SA mice, lens epithelial cell number was not only reduced but the cells also exhibited chromosomal instability, including binucleation and aneuploidy. Electron microscopy revealed fiber membranes that were disorganized in the lenses of VIMSA/SA, reminiscent of similar characteristic changes seen in age-related cataracts. Because the mRNA level of the senescence (aging)-related gene was significantly elevated in samples from VIMSA/SA, the lens phenotype suggests a possible causal relationship between chromosomal instability and premature aging. 相似文献
77.
Yoshito Mizoguchi Takahiro A. Kato Yoshihiro Seki Masahiro Ohgidani Noriaki Sagata Hideki Horikawa Yusuke Yamauchi Mina Sato-Kasai Kohei Hayakawa Ryuji Inoue Shigenobu Kanba Akira Monji 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(26):18549-18555
Microglia are immune cells that release factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and neurotrophins, following activation after disturbance in the brain. Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is important for microglial functions such as the release of cytokines and NO from activated microglia. There is increasing evidence suggesting that pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is related to the inflammatory responses mediated by microglia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin well known for its roles in the activation of microglia as well as in pathophysiology and/or treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we sought to examine the underlying mechanism of BDNF-induced sustained increase in [Ca2+]i in rodent microglial cells. We observed that canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3) channels contribute to the maintenance of BDNF-induced sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation. Immunocytochemical technique and flow cytometry also revealed that BDNF rapidly up-regulated the surface expression of TRPC3 channels in rodent microglial cells. In addition, pretreatment with BDNF suppressed the production of NO induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which was prevented by co-adiministration of a selective TRPC3 inhibitor. These suggest that BDNF induces sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation through the up-regulation of surface TRPC3 channels and TRPC3 channels could be important for the BDNF-induced suppression of the NO production in activated microglia. We show that TRPC3 channels could also play important roles in microglial functions, which might be important for the regulation of inflammatory responses and may also be involved in the pathophysiology and/or the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
A 570-kb DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 Genome Corresponding to the 28.0-40.1 min Region on the Linkage Map 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aiba Hiroji; Baba Tomoya; Hayashi Kouji; Inada Toshifumi; Isono Katumi; Itoh Takeshi; Kasai Hiroaki; Kashimoto Kaoru; Kimura Shigenobu; Kitakawa Madoka; Kitagawa Masanari; Makino Kozo; Miki Takeyoshi; Mizobuchi Kiyoshi; Mori Hirotada; Mori Tomoko; Motomura Kouji; Nakade Shinsuke; Nakamura Yoshikazu; Nashimoto Hiroko; Nishio Yoshitaka; Oshima Taku; Saito Noriko; Sampei Gen-ichi; Seki Yasushi; Sivasundaram Suharnan; Tagami Hideaki; Takeda Jun-ichi; Takemoto Keiko; Takeuchi Yasushi; Wada Chieko; Yamamoto Yoshihiro; Horiuchi Takashi 《DNA research》1996,3(6):363-377
The 569,750 base pair sequence corresponding to the 28.040.1min region on the genetic map of Escherichia coli K-12 (W3110)was determined. This region includes the replication terminusregion and contained at least 549 potential open reading frames.Among them, 160 (29%) were previously reported, 174 (32%) werehomologous to other known genes, 102 (18%) were identical orsimilar to hypothetical genes registered in databases, and theremaining 113 (21%) did not show a significant similarity toany other gene. Of interest was the finding of a large numberof genes and gene clusters in andnear the replication terminationregion which had been thought to be genetically silent. Thoseincludeda cluster of genes for fatty acid ß-oxidation,the third copy of the pot (spermidine/putrescine transport system)gene cluster, the second dpp (dipeptide transport system) operon,the second dsm (anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide reductase) operon,a cluster of fim (fimbrial) genes anda DNA helicase-like genewith a high molecular weight. In addition, we found the dnaC-and dnaT-like genes in the cryptic prophage, Rac, anda numberof genes originated probably from plasmids. 相似文献