基于提高森林覆盖率目标的跨区县横向生态补偿与供需对接——以重庆市为例

建立以提高森林覆盖率为目标的横向生态补偿,使保护发展生态的地区利益得到保障,绿化空间有限的地区在发展经济的同时也尽到绿化责任,从而推动各地间生态保护与经济发展的良性互动。以重庆市为例,考虑不同类型森林资源的数量、质量、造林管护成本差异,确定森林生态补偿指标价,同时建立灰色预测GM(1,1)模型,对标十四五规划,分析38个区县2025年森林覆盖率预期目标达成率,探索在全市森林覆盖率达到供需平衡下跨区县横向生态补偿供需对接关系。结果表明：(1)兼顾森林资源数量、质量和成本下38个区县单位面积森林补偿指标价介于5.69—7.32万元/hm²,平均为6.72万元/hm²,较目前基于成本的统一指导价3.75万元/hm²,高出0.79倍。(2)近10a森林覆盖率除大渡口区、江北区、九龙坡区、南岸区、长寿区、永川区、潼南区和忠县8个区县出现负增长外,其余30个区县呈正增长,预测到2025年达标的区县数量占全市总数的45%,其中达成率最高的是沙坪坝区(117.37%),最低是江北区(41.49%)。(3)依据各区县供需级别、对口帮扶结对...     

Endocrine organs of cardiovascular diseases: Gut microbiota

Gut microbiota (GM) is a collection of bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and protozoa, etc. They inhabit human intestines and play an essential role in human health and disease. Close information exchange between the intestinal microbes and the host performs a vital role in digestion, immune defence, nervous system regulation, especially metabolism, maintaining a delicate balance between itself and the human host. Studies have shown that the composition of GM and its metabolites are firmly related to the occurrence of various diseases. More and more researchers have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota is a virtual ‘organ’ with endocrine function and the bioactive metabolites produced by it can affect the physiological role of the host. With deepening researches in recent years, clinical data indicated that the GM has a significant effect on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This article systematically elaborated the relationship between metabolites of GM and its effects, the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and cardiovascular risk factors, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension and the possible pathogenic mechanisms. Regulating the GM is supposed to be a potential new therapeutic target for CVD.     

雄激素受体与男性代谢综合征

雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)属于核受体超家族成员,以配体依赖的方式介导靶基因的转录活性,并招募一系列辅调节因子调控其转录,发挥其生物学功能。近年研究证实,AR可作为一个正向调节因子,通过影响脂代谢、抑制前脂肪细胞的转化、增强机体对胰岛素的敏感性等途径有效预防肥胖和胰岛素抵抗相关疾病的发生。对AR的结构、作用机制及其对男性脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗等影响的研究进展进行综述。     

Geologic events coupled with Pleistocene climatic oscillations drove genetic variation of Omei treefrog (Rhacophorus omeimontis) in southern China

Collagens provide structural support and guidance cues within the extracellular matrix of metazoans. Mammalian collagens XIII, XXIII and XXV form a unique subgroup of type II transmembrane proteins, each comprising a short N-terminal cytosolic domain, a transmembrane domain and a largely collagenous ectodomain. We name these collagens as MACITs (Membrane-Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple-helices), and here investigate their evolution and conserved properties. To date, these collagens have been studied only in mammals. Knowledge of the representation of MACITs in other extant metazoans is lacking. This question is of interest for understanding structural/functional relationships in the MACIT family and also for insight into the evolution of MACITs in relation to the secreted, fibrillar collagens that are present throughout the metazoa. MACITs are restricted to bilaterians and are represented in the Ecdysozoa, Hemichordata, Urochordata and Vertebrata (Gnathostomata). They were not identified in available early-diverging metazoans, Lophotrochozoa, Echinodermata, Cephalochordata or Vertebrata (Cyclostomata). Whereas invertebrates encode a single MACIT, collagens XIII/XXIII/XXV of jawed vertebrates are paralogues that originated from the two rounds of en-bloc genome duplication occurring early in vertebrate evolution. MACITs have conserved domain architecture in which a juxta-membrane furin-cleavage site and the C-terminal 34 residues are especially highly conserved, whereas the cytoplasmic domains are weakly conserved. To study protein expression and function in a metazoan with a single MACIT gene, we focused on Caenorhabditis elegans and its col-99 gene. A col-99 cDNA was cloned and expressed as protein in mammalian CHO cells, two antibodies against COL-99 protein were generated, and a col-99-bearing fosmid gene construct col-99::egfp::flag was used to generate transgenic C. elegans lines. The encoded COL-99 polypeptide is 85 kDa in size and forms a trimeric protein. COL-99 is plasma membrane-associated and undergoes furin-dependent ectodomain cleavage and shedding. COL-99 is detected in mouth, pharynx, body wall and the tail, mostly in motor neurons and muscle systems and is enriched at neuromuscular junctions. Through identification of MACITs in multiple metazoan phyla we developed a model for the evolution of MACITs. The experimental data demonstrate conservation of MACIT molecular and cellular properties and tissue localisations in the invertebrate, C. elegans.     

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》指引下中国生物多样性主流化实施路径探析

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》制定了未来一段时期全球范围内生物多样性保护的重要行动,包括将生物多样性及其多重价值纳入经济和社会活动的主流。中国作为联合国《生物多样性公约》(CBD)缔约方之一,在持续推进生物多样性主流化方面作出了不懈努力且成效显著。该文通过探讨解析生物多样性主流化的概念内涵,梳理总结我国生物多样性主流化的具体实践和阶段成效,对标《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》目标,围绕政府、企业、公众不同行为主体,提出新时期我国全方位推进生物多样性主流化的4个主要实施路径:(1)引入统一的行动框架;(2)发挥政府治理的主导作用;(3)联动企业采取共同行动;(4)提高公众意识以促进其广泛参与,致力于将生物多样性融入各级政府部门政策机制及社会生产生活实践活动中,为完善生物多样性治理决策提供参考。     

Expansins and coleoptile elongation in wheat

Expansins are now generally accepted to be the key regulators of wall extension during plant growth. The aim of this study was to characterize expansins in wheat coleoptiles and determine their roles in regulating cell growth. Endogenous and reconstituted wall extension activities of wheat coleoptiles were measured. The identification of beta-expansins was confirmed on the basis of expansin activity, immunoblot analysis, and beta-expansin inhibition. Expansin activities of wheat coleoptiles were shown to be sensitive to pH and a number of exogenously applied factors, and their optimum pH range was found to be 4.0 to 4.5, close to that of alpha-expansins. They were induced by dithiothreitol, K(+), and Mg(2+), but inhibited by Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Al(3+), and Ca(2+), similar to those found in cucumber hypocotyls. An expansin antibody raised against TaEXPB23, a vegetative expansin of the beta-expansin family, greatly inhibited acid-induced extension of native wheat coleoptiles and only one protein band was recognized in Western blot experiments, suggesting that beta-expansins are the main members affecting cell wall extension of wheat coleoptiles. The growth of wheat coleoptiles was closely related to the activity and expression of expansins. In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of expansins in wheat coleoptiles, and it is possible that most of them are members of the beta-expansin family, but are not group 1 grass pollen allergens. The growth of wheat coleoptiles is intimately correlated with expansin expression, in particularly that of beta-expansins.