Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophytic fungi at 5,500 m on a glacier forefront in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi are rarely studied at extremely high elevations. Here, AM and DSE colonization in two dominant plant species (Melandrium apetalum and Poa litwinowiana) were microscopically observed on the forefront of Zhadang Glacier (5,500 m above sea level) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The AM fungal taxa were also identified by molecular methods. Both AM and DSE fungi synchronously colonized these two plant species, but AM dominated in M. apetalum and DSE dominated in P. litwinowiana. A total of five AM fungal spore morphotypes (Acaulospora capsicula, Diversispora sp., Glomus constrictum, G. eburneum and Glomus sp.) were found in the rhizosphere soils. Molecular identification revealed two AM fungal phylotypes: one Claroideoglomus phylotype from roots and one Diversispora phylotype from spores. These results extend the elevation at which both AM and DSE are known to occur.     

重寄生枝孢菌SYC63中MYB转录因子鉴定及分析

【背景】V-myb禽成髓细胞瘤病毒癌基因同源物(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog, MYB)转录因子广泛存在于真菌中,在真菌的胁迫响应与致病性中发挥重要功能。枝孢菌(Cladosporium sp.)作为一类对锈菌有重寄生作用的真菌,具有极高的生防潜力,然而有关其MYB转录因子尚未见报道,对其MYB家族转录因子进行鉴定和表达分析,有助于理解枝孢菌在重寄生过程中发挥的作用。【目的】了解重寄生枝孢菌(Cladosporium cladosporioides) SYC63菌株中MYB转录因子家族种类数目及在重寄生过程中发挥的作用。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对其基本特性进行预测,并结合锈孢子诱导下的表达情况进行分析。【结果】枝孢菌SYC63中包含22个MYB转录因子家族基因,所有MYB转录因子均含有SANT结构域,分子量为28.26-239.05 kDa,等电点(isoelectric point, pI)为4.57-10.15,均为亲水蛋白;大多定位在细胞核,共有1R-MYB和2R-MYB两类,均含有响应病原菌的启动子结合位点...     

一株重寄生枝孢菌的基因组测序及重寄生机制分析

【背景】枝孢菌SYC63是一株具有重寄生作用和抗菌活性的潜在生防菌株,目前尚无研究报道该菌株的全基因组序列,因此限制了其开发与利用。对该菌株进行基因组测序与分析,将进一步了解其重寄生的分子机制,为其在生物防治上的应用奠定研究基础。【目的】解析枝孢菌SYC63基因组序列信息,初步探究该菌的重寄生作用机制。【方法】利用二代高通量测序平台对枝孢菌SYC63进行全基因组测序,运用相关软件对其测序数据进行基因组组装、基因功能注释、预测次级代谢产物合成基因簇并分析重寄生相关的碳水化合物酶类基因等。【结果】基因组组装后共得到17个contigs,总长度为31 912 211 bp,GC含量为52.80%,预测到12 327个编码基因。其中,4 029、949和6 595个基因分别能在KEGG、COG和GO数据库中被注释到,同时还预测到25个次级代谢产物合成基因簇。对重寄生机制相关的碳水化合物酶类进行分析并与重寄生菌株(拟盘多毛孢菌、木霉及盾壳霉)比较,发现该菌具有较多的糖苷水解酶和糖脂酶基因,而且细胞壁降解酶类基因经锈菌孢子壁处理后在转录组测序中显著上调表达,初步分析了该菌与重寄生木霉在分子水平上的...     

Pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi: colorful tale of cryosphere with wide range applications

Extremophiles - Pigments are an essential part of everyday life on Earth with rapidly growing industrial and biomedical applications. Synthetic pigments account for a major portion of these...     

First results on bathymetry and limnology of high-altitude lakes in the Gokyo Valley, Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal

The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the morphology, physical and chemical characteristics of three high-altitude lakes in the Gokyo Valley, Everest National Park, Nepal. The moraine-dammed glacial lakes were studied for three seasons to create baseline data. The second, third, and fourth lakes in the Gokyo Valley are deeper than previously assumed. The vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen indicated that the thermocline zone varied between 10 and 20 m below the surface during the post-monsoon season. Although most of the analyzed metal concentrations were below the level recommended by the WHO for safe drinking water, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels exceeded the limits in some of the samples. This has created great concern for human health. The probable route of these two pollutants is monsoon precipitation that carries industrial pollutants along its route. The sedimentation rates of Gokyo Lakes range from 0.069 to 0.089 cm per annum, which is within the limits of other high-altitude lakes. The present findings created a baseline database for some of the remote high-altitude lakes in Nepal that can be used for lake management and for assessing future changes in lake characteristics in the Himalayan region.     

Mutation-Screening in <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-(+)-Lactic Acid Producing Strains by Ion Implantation

In this paper, in order to obtain some industrial strains with high yield of l-(+)-lactic acid, the wild type strain Lactobacillus casei CICC6028 was mutated by nitrogen ions implantation. By study, it was found that the high positive mutation rate was obtained when the output power was 10 keV and the dose of N⁺ implantation was 50 × 2.6 × 10¹³ ions/cm². In addition, the initial screening methods were also studied, and it was found that the transparent halos method was unavailable, for some high yield strains of l-(+)-lactic acid were missed. Then a mutant strain which was named as N-2 was isolated, its optimum fermentation temperature was 40°C and the l-(+)-lactic acid yield was 136 g/l compared to the original strain whose optimum fermentation temperature was 34°C and l-(+)-lactic acid production was 98 g/l. Finally, High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was used to analyze the purity of l-(+)-lactic acid that was produced by the mutant N-2, and the result showed the main production of N-2 was l-(+)-lactic acid.     

A novel series of IKKβ inhibitors part I: Initial SAR studies of a HTS hit

A novel series of (E)-1-((2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl) quinolin-4-yl) methylene) thiosemicarbazides was discovered as potent inhibitors of IKKβ. In this Letter we document our early efforts at optimization of the quinoline core, the imidazole and the semithiocarbazone moiety. Most potency gains came from substitution around the 6- and 7-positions of the quinoline ring. Replacement of the semithiocarbazone with a semicarbazone decreased potency but led to some measurable exposure.     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel water-soluble triptolide derivatives: Antineoplastic activity against imatinib-resistant CML cells bearing T315I mutant Bcr-Abl

Imatinib (STI571) is the frontline targeted-therapeutic agent for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, resistance to imatinib due to point mutations in Bcr-Abl kinase domain is an emerging problem. We recently reported that triptolide (compound 1) could effectively kill CML cells including those harboring T315I mutant Bcr-Abl. In the present study, we designed a series of C-14 triptolide derivatives with C-14-hydroxyl substituted by different amine esters (3–18): 3–6 and 13 (by aliphatic chain amine esters); 7–9, 11, 12 and 15–18 (by alicyclic amine esters with different size), and 10 and 14 (by aralkylamine esters).The compounds were examined for their antineoplastic activity against CML cells (including KBM5-T315I cells) in terms of proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and signal transduction. Nude mouse xenograft model was also used to evaluate the in vivo activity. Compounds 2–9, 11–14, 17 and 18 exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against KBM5 and KBM5-T315I cells. This series of derivatives down-regulated Bcr-Abl mRNA. Compounds 4, 5, 8 and 9 were further examined for their impact on signaling and apoptosis with immunoblotting. Compound 5 was chosen for evaluation in a nude mouse xenograft model. The stereo-hindrance of C-14 group appeared to be responsible for the antitumor effect. The computational small molecule-protein docking analysis illustrated the possible interaction between compound 9 and RNA polymerase II. Our results suggest that this series of derivatives may be promising agents to overcome imatinib-resistance caused by the Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation.     

Discovery and initial SAR of arylsulfonylpiperazine inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)

High-throughput screening of a small-molecule compound library resulted in the identification of a series of arylsulfonylpiperazines that are potent and selective inhibitors of human 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11beta-HSD1). Optimization of the initial lead resulted in the discovery of compound (R)-45 (11beta-HSD1 IC(50)=3nM).     

四川辖曼自然保护区的鸟类资源调查

四川辖曼自然保护区是保护以黑颈鹤为主的珍禽和湿地生态系统的保护区,是黑颈鹤最集中的繁殖地。通过我们的调查和结合历史文献该区岛类区有81种。属国家及国际间保护的鸟类有49种,占60.5%,其中国家Ⅰ组保护岛类有7种,Ⅱ级有15种域鸟类较为丰富且数量较大。从区系上看,古北界成分占绝对优势的65种占80.2％,东洋界4种占4.9％,广布种11种占13.6%。该区鸟类区系是由更新世北方区动物九发展而来,从晚更新世经草原或森林－－草原鸟类发展到至今的高原湿地鸟类。