黄河三角洲滨海湿地潮沟分布与植被覆盖度的关系

基于黄河三角洲滨海湿地2005、2010与2017年3个时期的Landsat TM/OLI影像,利用遥感和地理信息技术,对黄河三角洲滨海湿地的潮沟与植被覆盖度的分布格局与动态变化进行了分析,并运用网格搜索法,对研究区的潮沟与植被覆盖度进行相关分析。结果表明:(1) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲滨海湿地植被覆盖度不断提高,低植被覆盖度的面积减少了233.73 km2,高植被覆盖度的面积增加了165.85 km2;(2) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲滨海湿地的潮沟长度和面积不断增加,频数也在增加,其中2017年滨海湿地东南部的潮沟长度达到216.13 km,面积为22.23 km2,长度和面积分别比2005年增加了36.91%和49%;(3) 2005—2017年黄河三角洲潮沟分布与植被覆盖度呈负相关,其中2010年、2017年的潮沟与植被覆盖度呈显著相关(P<0.05),这说明黄河三角洲的潮沟的空间分布与区域植被的长势密切相关。     

Molecular biology of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors in plants

Abstract. The techniques of molecular biology are being employed to investigate at the gene level the systemically mediated, wound-induced accumulation of two defensive proteinase inhibitor proteins in plant leaves. These techniques have added a new dimension to biochemical and physiological studies already underway to understand the mechanism of induction by wounding. The acquisition of cDNAs from the RNAs coding for the two inhibitors facilitated studies of mRNA synthesis in leaves in response to wounding, and provided probes to obtain wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor genes from tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and potato (Solarium tuberosum) genomes. Successful transformations of tobacco plants with fused genes, containing the 5' and 3' regions of the inhibitor genes with the open reading frame of the chloramphenicol acelyltransferase ( cat ) gene, have provided a wound-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATase) activity with which to seek cis- and transacting elements that regulate wound-inducibility to help to understand the interaction of cytoplasmic and nuclear components of the intracellular communication systems that activate the proteinase inhibitor genes in response to wounding by insect pests.     

宁夏盐池荒漠草原植被的数量分类和排序

为检验荒漠草原封育恢复的效果,对宁夏盐池围封9年的退化草场进行了植被调查,共记录34个物种,分属于12个科、27个属,其中豆科(9种)、禾本科(7种)、菊科(6种)所含物种数较多.与封育前相比,物种组成基本相同,常见种和建群种发生了明显变化.采用PCA排序和分层聚类将80个样方分为长芒草、白草、赖草3个群系,依据建群种或优势种的生物学特性将其生境划分为旱生生境、中生生境和轻度盐渍化生境.3个群系的演替速率不同,其中长芒草群系演替进入反应阶段,赖草群系的演替等级相对较高.群系间存在激烈的资源竞争关系,风蚀能够促进赖草群系的进一步扩大.建议通过划区轮牧的方式合理调控长芒草群系和赖草群系的放牧时期,以提高草场的放牧利用价值,降低赖草群系的扩张危险.     

Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers

Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides,and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.     

Effect of neonatal testosterone and oestradiol treatment on the development of the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in the female rat.

The hypothalamic LH-RH content and the concentrations of pituitary and plasma LH were measured at various ages in female rats treated daily with 10 micrograms testosterone propionate or 10 micrograms oestradiol-17beta from birth to Day 15. Persistent vaginal oestrus was induced in all the treated rats. Both hormones significantly reduced the hypothalamic LH-RH content and pituitary and plasma LH concentrations. Hypothalamic LH-RH increased after cessation of treatment but pituitary LH did not return to normal levels. Plasma LH levels were significantly lower than those in control rats. It is concluded that testosterone propionate and oestradiol-17beta (1) have a direct negative feed-back influence on the hypothalamus in the neonatal female rat; (2) alter the normal pattern of plasma and pituitary LH in developing female rats; (3) prevent the cyclic secretion of plasma LH after maturity; and (4) probably cause a chronic impairment in the release of LH-RH.     

三种淋巴瘤细胞CD52抗原呈现稳定性研究及其应用

评估淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS的CD52抗原呈现稳定性,并比较三种细胞用于抗CD52单抗活性检测中的优劣性。采用免疫荧光法检测淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS的CD52抗原呈现率,分析MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现稳定性。分别以MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS作为抗CD52单抗结合活性和补体依赖细胞毒性的靶细胞进行检测,并比较其优劣性。结果显示,MC/CAR、RAMOS和HUT78的CD52抗原呈现率分别为95.5%、63.2%和38.3%。MC/CAR传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现率均大于90%。RAMOS传代培养5~13代CD52抗原呈现率介于60%~67%,第14~15代CD52抗原呈现率介于50%~60%,第16~20代细胞CD52抗原呈现率介于40%~50%。HUT78传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现率介于26.7%~38.9%。淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR在抗CD52单抗的结合活性检测中呈现出更好的剂量依赖曲线。淋巴瘤细胞RAMOS在抗CD52单抗的补体依赖细胞毒性检测中呈现出更好的剂量效应曲线。CD52抗原呈现率方面MC/CAR>RAMOS>HUT78。结果表明,MC/CAR更适用于抗CD52单抗的结合活性的检测,RAMOS适用于抗CD52单抗的补体依赖细胞毒性检测。     

干旱胁迫对宁夏枸杞生长及果实糖分积累的影响

文章研究不同干旱胁迫下宁夏枸杞生长及果实糖分积累的变化规律,为宁夏枸杞在干旱地区高产栽培提供参考依据。采用盆栽控水试验,设置正常灌水、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫对宁夏枸杞植株生长、生物量分配以及果实糖分积累的影响。结果表明：干旱抑制宁夏枸杞新稍、果实、株高和地径的生长：随着干旱程度加剧,根和茎中干物质分配率逐渐升高,而枝条、叶和果实中干物质分配率大幅降低;轻度干旱有利于果实发育过程中果糖的积累,中度和重度干旱胁迫则不利于成熟期果糖和蔗糖积累;干旱胁迫明显降低成熟期转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）的活性;果实发育过程中果糖的含量与SPS和转化酶活性存在极显著相关。可见,在果实发育期,土壤含水量为田间持水量55％以上,能促进宁夏枸杞果实中糖分积累,有效提高果实品质。     

上海大莲湖退渔还湖工程水环境改善效果

于2010年4月-2011年2月逐月对上海大莲湖退渔还湖生态修复工程跟踪调查与监测,对工程前后大莲湖水环境理化指标进行分析比较,评估工程修复之后大莲湖水环境的改善效果.生态修复区内TP、TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N和COD比工程区外对照点分别降低了62.5％、72.2％、92.9％、63.3％和8.9％,溶解氧提高了11.1％,叶绿素a、浮游植物丰度和浮游植物生物量分别比工程区外降低了47.7％、15.3％和48.0％;生态修复工程区综合水质标识指数达到国家Ⅲ类水标准,而工程区外为Ⅳ类水;出水水质明显优于进水水质.修复工程区浮游植物区系得到良好改善,水生态系统具备了一定的自净能力.     

减毒活疫苗中逆转录酶活性检测

逆转录酶 (RT)是目前发现的所有逆转录病毒的一个重要标志 ,凡是逆转录病毒均携带逆转录酶 ,逆转录酶活性的测定可以反映出制品中是否有逆转录病毒的污染 ,不受病毒基因序列的影响。采用PCR法进行逆转录酶活性检测方法 ,以整个生活周期中无DNA过程的MS2RNA为模板 ,设计一对引物 ,在逆转录系统中加入待检样品 ,经过RT PCR扩增后 ,放大检测对象物进行观察 ,从而了解制品中是否存在逆转录酶的污染 ,继而间接推测其是否污染逆转录病毒。对不同生物制品厂家生产的减毒活疫苗的逆转录酶活性进行检测 ,发现在一些疫苗里有逆转录酶活性阳性。