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21.
Goldman AS Guisinger VH Aikins M Amarillo ML Belizario VY Garshong B Gyapong J Kabali C Kamal HA Kanjilal S Kyelem D Lizardo J Malecela M Mubyazi G Nitièma PA Ramzy RM Streit TG Wallace A Brady MA Rheingans R Ottesen EA Haddix AC 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2007,1(1):e67
Background
Because lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination efforts are hampered by a dearth of economic information about the cost of mass drug administration (MDA) programs (using either albendazole with diethylcarbamazine [DEC] or albendazole with ivermectin), a multicenter study was undertaken to determine the costs of MDA programs to interrupt transmission of infection with LF. Such results are particularly important because LF programs have the necessary diagnostic and treatment tools to eliminate the disease as a public health problem globally, and already by 2006, the Global Programme to Eliminate LF had initiated treatment programs covering over 400 million of the 1.3 billion people at risk.Methodology/Principal Findings
To obtain annual costs to carry out the MDA strategy, researchers from seven countries developed and followed a common cost analysis protocol designed to estimate 1) the total annual cost of the LF program, 2) the average cost per person treated, and 3) the relative contributions of the endemic countries and the external partners. Costs per person treated ranged from $0.06 to $2.23. Principal reasons for the variation were 1) the age (newness) of the MDA program, 2) the use of volunteers, and 3) the size of the population treated. Substantial contributions by governments were documented – generally 60%–90% of program operation costs, excluding costs of donated medications.Conclusions/Significance
MDA for LF elimination is comparatively inexpensive in relation to most other public health programs. Governments and communities make the predominant financial contributions to actual MDA implementation, not counting the cost of the drugs themselves. The results highlight the impact of the use of volunteers on program costs and provide specific cost data for 7 different countries that can be used as a basis both for modifying current programs and for developing new ones. 相似文献22.
Hamdi F. El-Mowafi Muneera D.F. AlKahtani Mahmoud A. El-Hity Amr M. Reda Latifa Al Husnain E.S. El-Degwy Rizk M. Abdallah Hussah I.M. AlGwaiz A.A. Hadifa Kotb A. Attia 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(8):4109-4116
Photoperiod and thermosensitive genetic male sterile (PTGMS) lines have become one of the main sources of global rice production increasing. This study was conducted to evaluate the fertility alteration and validate the male sterility genes using validation markers in novel Egyptian Indica and Japonica PTGMS lines under natural conditions. The study revealed that the new genetic male sterile lines belong to the type of photo–thermosensitive genetic male sterility (PTGMS). The fertility alteration of these lines has influenced by photoperiod and temperature interaction. The new PTGMS lines have three sensitive periods of fertility alteration; transformation, sterility, and fertility period. Furthermore, the sensitive stage of fertility transformation might be from secondary branch primordial to pollen mother cells (PMC) meiosis. Under the natural Sakha condition, the new PTGMS lines were stable sterile under the condition of day length upper 13,75 h and temperature over 25 °C, while its convert to fertile under day length under 13 h, and temperature lower than 24 °C. The co-dominant markers identified the pms3 and tms5 genes in the new PTGMS lines, indicated that the fertility alteration in these lines controlled by photoperiod and thermosensitive stages. 相似文献
23.
A Feasibility Study to Monitor the Macroinvertebrate Diversity of the River Nile Using Three Sampling Methods 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The River Nile is one of the world’s major rivers. Its’ catchment in Egypt has a population of 75,000,000. River flow is highly
regulated and there are known discharges of pollutants. 1035 km of the river downstream of the Aswan high dam was studied
to test the hypothesis that representative qualitative samples can be used to estimate macroinvertebrate biodiversity. Benthic
macroinvertebrates are difficult to sample in large rivers and a reliable sampling strategy is required to evaluate their
ecological status. Three methods for sampling have been investigated. Ekman Grab, macrophyte sweep netting and Artificial
Substrate Samplers (ASS) were used to sample 15 sites from Aswan to Cairo between September 2001 and June 2002. Organisms
were identified to species level where possible. Taxon accretion curves indicated that the all taxa present at a site should
be collected using either 15 grab samples, 10 macrophyte samples or 5 ASS. The best time to sample was May–June. The biodiversity
of macroinvertebrates in the Nile was recorded as 50 taxa with values of 7–31 at individual bank-side sites. Mid-stream biodiversity
was much lower (0–19). Lowest biodiversity occurred at sites with known pollution inputs whilst highest occurred at sites
with high levels of sedimentation. A regular programme for biomonitoring is recommended which will allow current status to
be confirmed and future changes detected. 相似文献
24.
25.
Brent Berry Malik Ghannam Caitlin Bell Sami Ghazaleh Sherief Boss Christopher Streib Mustapha Ezzeddine 《BMC neurology》2018,18(1):204
Background
Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare but potentially severe complication of spinal surgery. Most reported post-operative ICH cases consist of cerebellar hemorrhage. There are fewer reported cases of supratentorial ICH following spinal surgery.Case presentation
A 56-year-old woman underwent spinal surgery complicated by bilateral supratentorial intraparenchymal basal ganglia hemorrhage with both intraventricular extension and subarachnoid hemorrhage in both cerebral hemispheres.Conclusion
The occurrence of neurological deterioration post-operatively following spinal surgery should alert physicians to the possibility of intracranial hemorrhage in order to facilitate rapid and optimal management. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting basal ganglia hemorrhage following spinal surgery. Moreover, consideration should be given to the possibility of this complication prior to recommendation of elective spinal surgery.26.
Shimaa El-Shafey Soliman Alshimaa Mahmoud Alhanafy Mona Salah El‑din Habib Mohamed Hagag Reda Abdel Latif Ibrahem 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2018
BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is leading cause of cancer related death and the survival rate for patients with NSCLC remain poor so early diagnosis of NSCLC represents the best opportunity for cure. Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) is extracellular nucleic acids found in cell-free plasma/serum of humans, given the recent approval of a liquid biopsy in lung cancer, the use of circulating tumor DNA as a novel non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker is promising.ObjectivesStudying whether the concentrations of circulating Cell Free DNA in serum can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.MethodThis study was carried out on 140 subjects included 60 patients with non small cell lung cancer,40 patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and 40 healthy controls. Quantitative analysis of serum circulating cf-DNA was done b y AlU-based quantitative real time PCR. Serum level of CEA was measured by ELISA.ResultsNSCLC patients demonstrated significantly higher values of each of ALU 215, ALU 247, and DNA integrity than both COPD patients and controls. On ROC curve analysis, the total accuracy of ALU 247, ALU 115, DNA integrity (92.1%, 83.6%, 56.4%) at cutoff points (325, 565 & 0.48) respectively. On combining both DNA integrity and CEA, improved sensitivity to 93.3% was noted. For NSCLC patients, ALU 115 & ALU 247 increased significantly with more advanced stage and highest level was noticed in metastatic patients. Regarding survival there was better overall survival among patients with low DNA integrity.ConclusionSerum cf-DNA concentrations and integrity index may be valuable tool in early diagnosis of NSCLC and prediction of prognosis of those patients. 相似文献
27.
K. D. Reda M. P. Thien I. Feygin C. S. Marcin M. M. Chartrain R. L. Greasham 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1991,7(3):215-220
Summary An efficient, aseptic method of obtaining whole broth fermentation samples was developed based on a piston-valve, a local sample loop, and an ability to drive the entire sample volume with sterile air through a sample line and into a remote tube. The configuration delivers 10-ml samples 10 m away with about 4 ml of broth wasted in the sampling process. An autosampler was enhanced and programmed to control acquisition into chilled tubes. The autosampler-based system represents a convenient way to provide frequent samples to profile intracellular and extracellular components for yeast and bacterial fermentations. A configuration to provide sampling from six fermentors with a multi-rack autosampler will be presented. 相似文献
28.
Gangopadhyay S Jalali F Reda D Peacock J Bristow RG Benchimol S 《Experimental cell research》2002,275(1):122-131
The involvement of p53 as a determinant of chemosensitivity or radiosensitivity is not well understood and is complicated by numerous contradictory reports. Here we have addressed this issue using a series of isogenic clones derived from two neuroblastoma cell lines that express wild-type p53 genes, Nub7 and IMR32. Two different mutant p53 transgenes were used in an attempt to disrupt p53 function in the clones. Our findings indicate that the cellular response is dependent on the genotoxic agent used as well as on the specific p53 transgene used. Cellular radiosensitivity showed no association with apoptosis or with the ability of the cells to arrest in G1 after irradiation. An association was observed, however, between gamma-radiation sensitivity and DNA double-strand break rejoining activity. 相似文献
29.
Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed Awad A. Shehata Ahmed Mohamed Ammar Tamer S. Allam Abdallah S. Ali Rasha H. Ahmed A.B. Abeer Mohammed Reda Tarabees 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(5):2850-2857
The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC). 相似文献