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排序方式: 共有593条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Katie D. Rosenthal Michael P. Hughes Benjamin R. Luginbuhl Niva A. Ran Akchheta Karki Seo‐Jin Ko Huawei Hu Ming Wang Harald Ade Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(27)
Open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) inhibit devices from reaching VOC values comparable to the bandgap of the donor–acceptor blend. Specifically, nonradiative recombination losses (?Vnr) are much greater in OPVs than in silicon or perovskite solar cells, yet the origins of this are not fully understood. To understand what makes a system have high or low loss, an investigation of the nonradiative recombination losses in a total of nine blend systems is carried out. An apparent relationship is observed between the relative domain purity of six blends and the degree of nonradiative recombination loss, where films exhibiting relatively less pure domains show lower ?Vnr than films with higher domain purity. Additionally, it is shown that when paired with a fullerene acceptor, polymer donors which have bulky backbone units to inhibit close π–π stacking exhibit lower nonradiative recombination losses than in blends where the polymer can pack more closely. This work reports a strategy that ensures ?Vnr can be measured accurately and reports key observations on the relationship between ?Vnr and properties of the donor/acceptor interface. 相似文献
23.
Falk Eigemann Eyal Rahav Hans-Peter Grossart Dikla Aharonovich Daniel Sher Angela Vogts Maren Voss 《Environmental microbiology》2022,24(5):2467-2483
Marine bacteria rely on phytoplankton exudates as carbon sources (DOCp). Yet, it is unclear to what extent phytoplankton exudates also provide nutrients such as phytoplankton-derived N and P (DONp, DOPp). We address these questions by mesocosm exudate addition experiments with spent media from the ubiquitous pico-cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus to bacterial communities in contrasting ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean – a coastal and an open-ocean, oligotrophic station with and without on-top additions of inorganic nutrients. Inorganic nutrient addition did not lower the incorporation of exudate DONp, nor did it reduce alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that bacterial communities are able to exclusively cover their nitrogen and phosphorus demands with organic forms provided by phytoplankton exudates. Approximately half of the cells in each ecosystem took up detectable amounts of Prochlorococcus-derived C and N, yet based on 16S rRNA sequencing different bacterial genera were responsible for the observed exudate utilization patterns. In the coastal community, several phylotypes of Aureimarina, Psychrosphaera and Glaciecola responded positively to the addition of phytoplankton exudates, whereas phylotypes of Pseudoalteromonas increased and dominated the open-ocean communities. Together, our results strongly indicate that phytoplankton exudates provide coastal and open-ocean bacterial communities with organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and that phytoplankton exudate serve a full-fledged meal for the accompanying bacterial community in the nutrient-poor eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
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Iqbal Aneela Khan Raham Sher Shehryar Kashmala Imran Anum Ali Faryal Attia Syeda Shah Shahen Mii Masahiro 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2019,137(1):1-10
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Four serotypes of the dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans greatly increases the complexity of vaccine development. In this study, we... 相似文献
26.
Giuliani Rita Karki Shanta Covshoff Sarah Lin Hsiang-Chun Coe Robert A. Koteyeva Nuria K. Evans Marc A. Quick W. Paul von Caemmerer Susanne Furbank Robert T. Hibberd Julian M. Edwards Gerald E. Cousins Asaph B. 《Photosynthesis research》2019,142(2):153-167
Photosynthesis Research - The engineering process of C4 photosynthesis into C3 plants requires an increased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the cytosol of leaf mesophyll... 相似文献
27.
Microarray gene chip technology is a powerful invention looking for applications. A general principle is proposed here to direct the power of the technology toward physiology, medicine, and pharmacology. Our principle is to match quantitative measures of gene expression with the trend of mathematical parameters that describe biological functions. Mathematical parameterization is the heart. The procedure is illustrated by lung physiology, including the hypoxic hypertension, rheological properties of the tissues, and the remodeling of the pulmonary arterial wall under hypertensive stress. We show first how to reduce the experimental results on these physiological functions into mathematical formulas, and how the parameters of these formulas describe the functional trends precisely. Then under the assumption that the microarray reveals gene activities quantitatively, we match the trends of the gene activity with the trends of the functional parameters. Genes whose trends do match are interpreted as relevant to the functions. Those that do not match are considered irrelevant to the functions. The more functions we consider, the fewer will be the number of genes that are relevant to all functions. Thus we learn about the generality and specificity of the influence of genes on physiology. 相似文献
28.
Yap GS Ortmann R Shevach E Sher A 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2001,166(9):5720-5725
This study documents a defect in IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma responses in a substrain (B10.Q-H2-(q)/SgJ) of B10.Q mice that manifests as an acute susceptibility to infection by the intracellular protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii. Despite robust systemic production of IL-12, infected B10.Q/J animals fail to mount an early IFN-gamma response after parasite inoculation. Genetic experiments revealed that the host resistance and IFN-gamma production defects are determined by a single autosomal recessive locus distinct from the Stat4 gene. Nonetheless, a delayed IL-12-mediated IFN-gamma response emerges in later stages of acute infection but is unable to prevent host mortality. IL-18 administration restores, in an IL-12-dependent manner, the early IFN-gamma response and host resistance of B10.Q/J animals. These in vivo studies indicate that the partially impaired IL-12 responsiveness in B10.Q/J mice can result in defective host resistance and demonstrate a therapeutic function for IL-18 in reversing a genetically based immunodeficiency in IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma production. 相似文献
29.
Since the initial discovery of cytoplasmic dynein, it has become apparent that this microtubule-based motor is involved in several cellular functions including cell division and intracellular transport. Another multisubunit complex, dynactin, may be required for most, if not all, cytoplasmic dynein-driven activities and may provide clues to dynein's functional diversity. Recent genetic and biochemical findings have illuminated the cellular roles of dynein and dynactin and provided insight into the functional mechanism of this complex motor. 相似文献
30.
Resource pulses,species interactions,and diversity maintenance in arid and semi-arid environments 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Chesson P Gebauer RL Schwinning S Huntly N Wiegand K Ernest MS Sher A Novoplansky A Weltzin JF 《Oecologia》2004,141(2):236-253
Arid environments are characterized by limited and variable rainfall that supplies resources in pulses. Resource pulsing is a special form of environmental variation, and the general theory of coexistence in variable environments suggests specific mechanisms by which rainfall variability might contribute to the maintenance of high species diversity in arid ecosystems. In this review, we discuss physiological, morphological, and life-history traits that facilitate plant survival and growth in strongly water-limited variable environments, outlining how species differences in these traits may promote diversity. Our analysis emphasizes that the variability of pulsed environments does not reduce the importance of species interactions in structuring communities, but instead provides axes of ecological differentiation between species that facilitate their coexistence. Pulses of rainfall also influence higher trophic levels and entire food webs. Better understanding of how rainfall affects the diversity, species composition, and dynamics of arid environments can contribute to solving environmental problems stemming from land use and global climate change. 相似文献