Variations of both bacterial community and extracellular polymers: the inducements of increase of cell hydrophobicity from biofloc to aerobic granule sludge

To investigate the inducements of increase of cell hydrophobicity from aerobic biofloc (ABF) and granular sludge (AGS), in this study, as the first time the hydrophilic and hydrophobic bacterial communities were analyzed independently. Meanwhile, the effect of extracellular polymers (EPS) on the cell hydrophobicity is also studied. Few Bacteroidetes were detected (1.35% in ABF and 3.84% in AGS) in hydrophilic bacteria, whereas they are abundant in the hydrophobic cells (47.8% and 43% for ABF and AGS, respectively). The main species of Bacteroidetes changed from class Sphingobacteria to Flavobacteria in AGS. On the other hand, EPS is directly responsible to cell hydrophobicity. For AGS, cell hydrophobicity was sharply decreased after EPS extraction. Both quantity and property of the extracellular protein are related to hydrophobicity. Our results showed the variation of cell hydrophobicity was resulted from variations of both bacterial population and EPS.     

Brunneocorticium pyriforme, a new corticioid fungal genus and species belonging to the euagarics clade

Evidence derived from molecular studies in recent years has revealed that corticioid fungal genera are present in all major clades of Homobasidiomycetes. Brunneocorticium pyriforme, a corticioid fungus is proposed as a new species and placed in a new genus belonging to the euagarics clade. This fungus has been collected in subtropical-tropical Taiwan and southern Yunnan Province, China. Basidiocarps often occur on bark of living Murraya spp. (Rutaceae). Basidiocarps of B. pyriforme are resupinate with a smooth hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system, with nodose-septate generative hyphae and abundant yellowish brown skeletal hyphae, and leptocystidia. It has 2-sterigmate basidia and pear-shaped basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data derived from LSU rDNA included Brunneocorticium in the euagarics clade of Homobasidiomycetes, allied to the agaricoid genera Marasmiellus, Campanella, etc. The molecular analysis indicated that the Brunneocorticium was independent from other corticioid genera with similar morphological features.     

Two new species of Steccherinum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) from Taiwan

Steccherinum cremicolor and S. elongatum are described and illustrated as new species from Taiwan. Steccherinum cremicolor is characterized by strictly resupinate basidiocarps, a fimbriate margin, short spines, generative hyphae dominating in the trama and subiculum, encrusted skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Steccherinum elongatum has strictly resupinate and membranaceous basidiocarps, bearing fairly long spines, generative hyphae-dominated subiculum, elongated skeletocystidia, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores.     

饲养条件下虎纹捕鸟蛛繁殖行为观察

虎纹捕鸟蛛 Ornithoctonus huwena 繁殖行为是一系列反射活动.在人工养殖条件下,能引起虎纹捕鸟蛛繁殖行为量的变化,而不能引起质的变化,即不会出现新的繁殖行为.在虎纹捕鸟蛛性行为程序中,行为成分常以固定动作方式有节律地重复演示,呈现仪式化特征.     

The Hog1-like MAPK Mpk3 collaborates with Hog1 in response to heat shock and functions in sustaining the biological control potential of a fungal insect pathogen

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Mpk3/MpkC resembles the MAPK Hog1 but does not necessarily function in some filamentous fungi. Here, we compared functions of Mpk3 and Hog1 in Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen, by multi-phenotypic analyses of their single/double deletion mutants. Growth defects of Δmpk3 were moderate on all 14 minimal media with different carbon or nitrogen sources and less severe than those of Δhog1 on most media tested. The double deletion mutant suffered significantly more severe growth defects than those observed in Δmpk3 and Δhog1, suggesting overlapping and collaborative roles of Mpk3 and Hog1 in uptake of six carbon and four nitrogen sources during normal growth. Despite little impact on conidiation capacity, mpk3 deletion slowed down conidial germination as much as hog1 or double deletion. Conidial resistance to UV-B irradiation decreased less in Δmpk3 than in Δhog1 or in the double mutant. The fungal virulence was similarly attenuated for all deletion mutants against Galleria mellonella larvae through normal cuticle infection. Intriguingly, the Δmpk3 mutant displayed null response to high osmolarity and fludioxonil fungicide, to which both Δhog1 and double mutants were hypersensitive and highly resistant, respectively, but it was more sensitive to a 3-h heat shock at 40 °C than Δhog1 during normal incubation. Western blot hybridization demonstrated that Mpk3 could collaborate with Hog1 in response to heat shock rather than to the chemical stresses. Altogether, Mpk3 collaborates with Hog1 only in response to heat shock and functions in sustaining the pest control potential of B. bassiana.     

心肌病关联基因家族与心肌发育和心肌病

心肌发育是个复杂的过程,受许多发育相关因子组成的复杂分子网络调控。这些基因的突变和结构异常可导致心肌发育异常和原发性心肌病。心肌病关联基因家族对心肌的胚胎发育、出生后心肌结构重塑以及心肌损伤修复等过程有重要作用。本文结合临床基因突变报道,对心肌病关联基因家族的功能和模式动物中的分子机制研究进行综述,以期深入了解该家族蛋白质在心肌发育及原发性心肌病中的作用。     

真空干燥球孢白僵菌纯孢粉的活孢率、毒力与贮存期

采用真空冷冻干燥法 (冻干 )和真空室温干燥法 (抽干 )对球孢白僵菌 (Beauveriabassiana)原菌粉进行了干燥工艺的比较。在固体产孢基质上生产的新鲜纯孢粉 (原菌粉 )含水量达 5 8 65 % ,经 36h冻干或抽干 ,孢子粉的含水量分别降至 3 97%和 4 2 6% ,含孢量分别为 1 2 9× 1 0 1 1 孢子 /g和 1 2 5× 1 0 1 1 孢子 /g ,活孢率分别为 99 0 %和 97 9%。冻干粉和抽干粉之间的活孢率无显著差异 ,但萌发速度不同。原菌粉、抽干粉及冻干粉对桃蚜(Myzuspersicae)在接种后第 7d的LC50 分别为 1 1 5 ,5 89和 2 95× 1 0 4 个孢子 /mL ;在 1 0 6 个孢子 /mL的剂量下对桃蚜的LT50 分别为 3 6d、 4 4d和 3 9d。从生产成本低得多 ,抽干法比冻干法在白僵菌纯孢粉的生产中更有应用前景 ,尽管冻干粉的质量略优于抽干粉。在4℃和 2 0℃下贮存冻干粉并进行为期一年的孢子萌发率和毒力检测。结果显示 ,冻干粉在2 0℃下贮存至 2 5 5d时完全失活而丧失染虫能力 ,而在 4℃下贮存一年后的活孢率仍达90 2 % ,LT50 仅从初始的 3 9d延长至 4 7d。这说明仅通过降低含水量以延长白僵菌孢子粉在常温下的贮存期仍是不可能的。     

抗脂多糖纳米抗体的筛选及其五聚体的制备

目的：筛选抗脂多糖（LPS）纳米单域抗体,并制备抗LPS纳米抗体五聚体。方法：以LPS为抗原,从驼源天然单域重链抗体库中筛选抗LPS纳米抗体,利用分子克隆技术将抗LPS单域抗体基因组装入志贺杆菌样毒素B亚基蛋白结构域（VTB）的五聚体特异性表达载体中进行可溶性表达,并用ELISA法鉴定所获抗体的抗原结合活性和特异性。结果：获得抗LPS纳米单域抗体及LPS纳米抗体五聚体;经鉴定,LPS纳米抗体五聚体的抗原结合活性优于抗LPS单域抗体。结论：利用驼源天然单域重链抗体库制备了抗LPS纳米单域抗体及抗LPS纳米抗体五聚体,为脓毒血症的分子诊断、预后判断及寻找生物治疗新靶点奠定了基础。