The reconciliation behavior of golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae) in small breeding groups

Observations were made following 130 spontaneous aggressive incidents in two small breeding groups of captive golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae). Participants were observed both during the first 10 min following these incidents and during matched control observations. An increased contact rate was observed between opponents following the aggressive incident. Post-conflict contacts were characterized by a number of behavior patterns: open mouth, rapid grooming, embrace, and crouching. Adult males played an important role as mediator in agonistic disputes among females: males intervened in 93.6% of female fights. It is speculated that this intervention behavior is related to the species' organization into one-male units.     

A comparison of chloride, bromide, and sucrose dilution volumes in neonatal pigs

Use of 36Cl, 82Br, and [3H]sucrose to estimate extracellular water volume was evaluated in 14 piglets (7-14 days old). 36Cl and 82Br were distributed in approximately the same volume, but a period of 5-6 hr after injection was required to reach equilibrium in the neonatal pig. Dilution volumes calculated before equilibration (2-5 hr) for 36Cl (326 +/- 11 ml/kg) and 82Br (328 +/- 13 ml/kg) were different from equilibration (6-8 hr) phase volumes (356 +/- 13 ml/kg and 355 +/- 13 ml/kg, respectively; P less than 0.001). A 3-hr sample estimated the same volume distribution calculated by extrapolation of the 6- to 8-hr period because of the relationship between the two slopes of the plasma clearance curves. After the 82Br and 36Cl had achieved equilibration, each was distributed in a volume equivalent to total body chloride space (362 +/- 29 ml/kg) measured by neutron activation; no statistical differences were found (P = 0.6). The early equilibration phase measured a 10% smaller, faster exchangeable fraction of total body Cl. Sucrose dilution volume (332 +/- 19 ml/kg) required multiple plasma samples for extrapolation and measured a dilution volume 7% smaller (P less than 0.05) than total body chloride space.     

Oxidation of dimethyl sulfide byPseudomonas acidovorans DMR-11 isolated from peat biofilter

Summary Pseudomonas acidovorans DMR-11, capable of oxidizing dimethyl sulfide (DMS), was isolated from peat biofilter. DMS as a sole carbon or energy source was not degraded, but it was co-degraded in the medium containing organic carbon sources. The removal rate of DMS in heat-treated glucose medium was 1.12×10^–17 mole/h cell at 30 °C. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was the only product of DMS oxidation and was formed stoichiometrically. DMS was reversibly evolved in excess of DMSO. The cell free extract of strain DMR-11 oxidized DMS in presence of NADPH.     

带有隐含神经元的单层神经网络模型

提出了一种带有隐含神经元的单层神经网络模型。把网络的记忆容量区分为信息记忆容量和物理记忆容量。新模型能记忆相关图样,其信息容量α_i(最大记忆图样数/表达神经元数)首次超过了1。所作出的计算机模拟结果,表明了理论分析的正确性,证实了由5×5个显神经元组成的点阵能记住包含26个英文字母和4个任选图样的30个图样,因此该模型为神经网络的广泛应用提供了一条重要途径。     

大果木姜子的甘油三酯组成

采用光谱法和胰酯酶分解法对大果木姜子油酯中分得的结晶C—I组成进行了分析,结果表明C—I是由11种甘油三酯组成。其中2-位为月硅酸的甘油三酯占91.80％,1,3-位脂肪酸主要为癸酸和月桂酸,甘油三酯的组成中,CLC占62.24％,LLC占24.50％。     

利用带有原核增强子样序列的新型载体在大肠杆菌中高效表达人α肿瘤坏死因子

将去除信号肽的人肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)cDNA插入到带有原核增强子样序列Px的新型表达载体pBV320中,使TNF cDNA 5′端直接置于大肠杆菌trp启动子下游,采用37℃恒温培养,使TNF在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,表达活性达1.35(±0.17)×10~6U/L菌液。表达的TNF-α对L929细胞的毒性作用可被抗人肿瘤坏死因子-α的单克隆抗体所中和。表达菌裂解液作SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,显示有一条分子量与TNF分子量吻合、约为17000道尔顿的蛋白带。利用DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析及Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤对上述重组人TNF-α进行纯化,获得电泳纯产品,比活性为1.48×10~6U/mg。     

Utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate as a precursor for transmitter glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule cells

Alpha-ketoglutarate together with an amino group donor (alanine) was shown to be able to serve as a precursor for the glutamate pool which is released by potassium-induced depolarization (i.e., transmitter glutamate) in cerebellar granule cells. However, these compounds could not be utilized as precursors for intracellular glutamate or for release of transmitter aspartate. The formation of transmitter glutamate was inhibited by the transamination inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid but not by phenylsuccinate, an inhibitor of the dicarboxylate carrier in the mitochondrial membrane. Both of these inhibitors have previously been found to inhibit synthesis of transmitter glutamate from glutamine. The results support the hypothesis that alpha-ketoglutarate and alanine undergo transamination in the cytosol to form pyruvate and glutamate, and that this glutamate pool is available for transmitter release of glutamate but does not constitute the major intracellular pool of glutamate.