Physiological and enzymatic characterization of a novel pullulan-degrading thermophilic Bacillus strain 3183

Summary A new thermophilic Bacillus strain 3183 (ATCC 49341) was isolated from hot-spring sediments. The organism grew on pullulan as a carbon source and showed optimum pH and temperature at pH 5.5 and 62° C, respectively, for growth. The strain reduced nitrate to nitrite both aerobically and anaerobically. It produced extracellular thermostable pullulanase and saccharidase activities which degraded pullulan and starch into maltotriose, maltose, and glucose. Medium growth conditions for pullulanase production were optimized. The optimum pH and temperature for pullulanase activity were at pH 6.0 and 75° C, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 5.5-7.0 and temperature up to 70° C in the absence of substrate. The K _m for pullulan at pH 6.0 and 75° C was 0.4 mg/ml. The pullulanase activity was stimulated and stabilized by Ca²⁺. It was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), beta and gamma-cyclodextrins but not by alpha-cyclodextrin and reagents that inhibit essential enzyme SH-groups. Offprint requests to: B. C. Saha     

关于Taylor幂法则的统计学讨论

自Greenwood于1920年把负二项分布引做昆虫种群空间格局模型以来,昆虫种群空间格局分析的理论和方法大致经历了两个阶段的发展:五、六十年代以前,是以少数离散型概率分布为主要模型;其后,各种聚集性指标和一些回归公式被提出,显示了比原有     

皮层第二体感区下行活动对尾核神经元伤害性反应的影响

本实验用清醒麻痹的家猫观察到,皮层第二体感区(SⅡ区)的下行活动对尾核痛相关单位的自发放电和伤害性反应均有影响。在35个痛相关单位中,刺激SⅡ区后,62.7％的自发放电受到影响(p<0.05)。在72个痛相关单位中,刺激SⅡ区后,77.8％的伤害性反应受到抑制(p<0.01),其中抑制痛兴奋单位的伤害性反应最为明显。而用利多卡因局部阻滞SⅡ区后,33个痛相关单位中,51.5％的伤害性反应增强(p<0.01)。本结果提示:(1)SⅡ区的下行活动不仅对尾核痛相关单位的自发活动有影响,而且对痛相关单位的伤害性反应有以抑制为主的下行性调制作用。(2)在正常机能状态下,SⅡ区对伤害性信息向尾核的传递有一定的紧张性的下行性抑制作用。     

白细胞介素2受体α链基因转录起始点和5'调控区结合蛋白的初步研究

 借助于5'和3'末端删切后重建的IL-2R a链基因调控区次级克隆,在体外合成有放射性同位素参入的反意义RNA探针与总RNA进行液相杂交,结果表明TPA或PHA分别活化的T细胞在IL-2R a链表达过程中都在不同程度上有选择地利用了调控区内分别为-58(5')和+1(3')位两个转录起始点中3'转录起始点。热休克使PHA活化细胞更明显地利用+1位点。PHA诱导Jurkat细胞表达IL-2RamRNA斑点杂交证实,Jurkat细胞在活化16小时表达IL-2Ra基本达到高峰,至24小时已明显下降。根据这一规律提取PHA诱导活化15小时的Jurkat细胞S100和NE,进行有关结合蛋白的研究,初步结果显示磷酸纤维素柱的KCI洗脱组分中存在着DNA结合蛋白,有关结合蛋白性质的研究正在进行中。     

肥皂草素类核糖核蛋白体失活蛋白的纯化及其性质研究

 利用强阳离子交换柱从Saponaria officinalis L种子中分离出一种肥皂草素(Saporin)成分。它在无细胞体系中显示了较强的抑制蛋白合成的活性,与抗体连接后能特异性杀伤靶细胞。     

Selection of large quantities of embryogenic calli from indica rice seeds for production of fertile transgenic plants using the biolistic method

The microprojectile bombardment of immature embryos has proven to be effective in transforming many indica rice varieties. One of the drawbacks of using immature embryos is the requirement of a large number of high quality immature embryos, which itself is a tedious and laborious process. To circumvent these problems, we have developed a procedure, using indica variety TN1 as a model that generates highly homogenous populations of embryogenic subcultured calli by selectively propagating a small number of regeneration-proficient calli derived from seeds. Thousands of embryogenic calli were produced from 50 seeds within 10 weeks. Ten to 20 independent R0 transgenic lines were regenerated per 500 embryogenic calli bombarded. The convenience and reliability offered by this transformation system has made transformation of indica rice a routine procedure.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid - NAA naphthalene acetic acid - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - kb kilobase - GUS -glucuronidase - X-gluc 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl--D-glucuronide - HPH hygromycin B phosphotransferase     

以异源四倍体体细胞杂种为父本杂交培育三倍体柑桔植株的研究

以 3个柑桔原生质体融合而来的四倍体体细胞杂种为父本 ,与二倍体单胚性种柚子 (Citrusgrandis)以及单多胚混合型品种“华农本地早”桔 (C.reticulata)有性杂交 ,授粉后 90 d,发现种子干瘪 ,大部分种子的胚败育。将干瘪种子在 MT附加 1mg/L GA3 或 50 0 mg/L麦芽浸出物的培养基中 ,经培养抢救 ,有 2 5.6%的种子萌发成苗或继续进行胚的生长 ,后者进一步诱导能形成丛芽 ,经试管嫁接或诱导生根形成完整植株。共获得 6个组合 73棵完整植株 ,染色体数检查表明 ,2 0株为三倍体 (2 n=3x=2 7) ,32株为二倍体 (2 n=2 x=18) ,8株为非整倍体 ,其它 13株还有待于进一步检查。     

Short-fibre formation during cellulose degradation by cellulolytic fungi

Summary All cell-free filtrates of 26 fungal strains containning cellulase activities degraded native cellulose to both reducing sugar and insoluble short fibres. Low-molecular components from the crude filtrates could also degrade native cellulose into short fibres, not accompanied with the production of reducing sugar. Short fibre formation played an important role in cellulose degradation to make the substrate more accessible to attack of cellulases.     

Photoinactivation of photosystem II by cumulative exposure to short light pulses during the induction period of photosynthesis

Photoinactivation of Photosystem (PS) II in vivo was investigated by cumulative exposure of pea, rice and spinach leaves to light pulses of variable duration from 2 to 100 s, separated by dark intervals of 30 min. During each light pulse, photosynthetic induction occurred to an extent depending on the time of illumination, but steady-state photosynthesis had not been achieved. During photosynthetic induction, it is clearly demonstrated that reciprocity of irradiance and duration of illumination did not hold: hence the same cumulative photon exposure (mol m^–2) does not necessarily give the same extent of photoinactivation of PS II. This contrasts with the situation of steady-state photosynthesis where the photoinactivation of PS II exhibited reciprocity of irradiance and duration of illumination (Park et al. (1995) Planta 196: 401–411). We suggest that, for reciprocity to hold between irradiance and duration of illumination, there must be a balance between photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (NPQ) quenching at all irradiances. The index of susceptibility to light stress, which represents an intrinsic ability of PS II to balance photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, is defined by the quotient (1-qP)/NPQ. Although constant in steady-state photosynthesis under a wide range of irradiance (Park et al. (1995). Plant Cell Physiol 36: 1163–1169), this index of susceptibility for spinach leaves declined extremely rapidly during photosynthetic induction at a given irradiance, and, at a given cumulative photon exposure, was dependent on irradiance. During photosynthetic induction, only limited photoprotective strategies are developed: while the transthylakoid pH gradient conferred some degree of photoprotection, neither D1 protein turnover nor the xanthophyll cycle was operative. Thus, PS II is more easily photoinactivated during photosynthetic induction, a phenomenon that may have relevance for understorey leaves experiencing infrequent, short sunflecks.Abbreviations D1 protein psbA gene product - DTT dithiothreitol - F_v, F_m, F_o variable, maximum, and initial (corresponding to open traps) chlorophyll fluorescence yield, respectively - NPQ non-photochemical quenching - PS Photosystem - Q_A primary quinone acceptor of PS II - qP photochemical quenching coefficient     

蓝氏贾第虫核被膜缺口的电镜观寨

双滴虫类是迄今所知的现存最原始的真核生物类群。以蓝氏贾第虫作为双滴虫类的代表,对其细胞核进行了电镜观察。除了未见有核仁外,还发现其核被膜的横切面上存在有缺口。在缺口的边缘处,核内膜与校外膜是相互连接着的,表明并非切片时所造成的假象。核被膜缺口处常有一核纤层样的薄层分隔核质与细胞质。用高锰酸钾固定细胞以求只保存膜结构时,核被膜缺口仍然可见,上述的薄层即未见到。核被膜缺口的发现证实了李靖炎（１９７９）的核被膜起源假说所作出的推断。