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Charles E. Linn Jr. Wee L. Yee Sheina B. Sim Dong H. Cha Thomas H. Q. Powell Robert B. Goughnour Jeffrey L. Feder 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2012,66(11):3632-3641
The recent shift of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) from its native host downy hawthorn, Crataegus mollis, to introduced domesticated apple, Malus domestica, in the eastern United States is a model for sympatric host race formation. However, the fly is also present in the western United States, where it may have been introduced via infested apples within the last 60 years. In addition to apple, R. pomonella also infests two hawthorns in the West, one the native black hawthorn, C. douglasii, and the other the introduced English ornamental hawthorn, C. monogyna. Here, we test for behavioral evidence of host races in the western United States. through flight tunnel assays of western R. pomonella flies to host fruit volatile blends. We report that western apple, black hawthorn, and ornamental hawthorn flies showed significantly increased levels of upwind‐directed flight to their respective natal compared to nonnatal fruit volatile blends, consistent with host race status. We discuss the implications of the behavioral results for the origin(s) of western R. pomonella, including the possibility that western apple flies were not introduced, but may represent a recent shift from local hawthorn fly populations. 相似文献
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Sheina Koffler Astrid de Matos Peixoto Kleinert Rodolfo Jaffé 《Conservation Genetics》2017,18(3):689-700
Quantitative genetic traits provide insights into the evolutionary potential of populations, as heritability estimates measure the population’s ability to respond to global changes. Although wild and managed bees are increasingly threatened by the degradation of natural habitats and climate change, risking plant biodiversity and agriculture production, no study has yet performed a systematic review of heritability estimates across the group. Here we help fill this knowledge gap, gathering all available heritability estimates for ants, bees, and wasps, evaluating which factors affect these estimates and assessing the reported genetic correlations between traits. Using a model selection approach to analyze a dataset of more than 800 heritability estimates, we found that heritability is influenced by trait type, with morphological traits exhibiting the highest heritability estimates, and defense and metabolism-related traits showing the lowest estimates. Study system, sociality degree, experimental design, estimation type (narrow or broad-sense heritability), and sample size were not found to affect heritability estimates. Results remained unaltered when correcting for phylogenetic inertia, and when analyzing social bees separately. Genetic correlations between honeybee traits revealed both positive coefficients, usually for traits in the same category, and negative coefficients, suggesting trade-offs among other traits. We discuss these findings and highlight the importance of maintaining genetic variance in fitness-related traits. Our study shows the importance of considering heritability estimates and genetic correlations when designing breeding and conservation programs. We hope this meta-analysis helps identify sustainable breeding approaches and conservation strategies that help safeguard the evolutionary potential of wild and managed bees. 相似文献
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Infrared spectra of uracil and thymine in an argon matrix 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High-resolution IR spectra of uracil, thymine, methyl-derivatives of uracil and 5,6-dihydrouracil are obtained using the matrix isolation method. 相似文献
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The serological typing of 96% of P. aeruginosa strains isolated in hospitals has been carried out by means of agglutinating sera, and the tendency towards the prevalence of the strains of group V (25.3%) and serovar O11 (18.1%) has been revealed. The determination of the antibiotic sensitivity of different variants has shown that the strains of groups I, V and serovar O11 possess pronounced resistance to a wide spectrum of antibiotics, their resistance to gentamycin and polymixin being higher than in the strains of other serotypes. The determination of antibiotic resistance can serve only as an additional test in the serological typing of P. aeruginosa. 相似文献
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Lee T. Gettler Daniel Redhead Ardain Dzabatou Sheina Lew-Levy 《American journal of physical anthropology》2023,181(1):59-69