基于CSSL的高密度物理图谱定位水稻分蘖角度QTL

对以籼稻9311为遗传背景携带粳稻日本晴基因组的染色体片段置换系（CSSL）的遗传图谱进行分子标记加密,构建了含250个多态标记的高密度物理图谱。以119个CSSLs为材料,P≤0.001为阈值,筛选到分蘖角度与受体亲本9311差异极显著的10个系。结合物理图谱和代换作图方法,共鉴定出5个分蘖角度QTL,其中qTA11的加性效应表现为增效作用,来源于9311的等位基因;其余4个QTL的加性效应为减效作用,均来源于日本晴的等位基因。qTA6-1和qTA6-2分别被定位于第6染色体RM253–RM527之间的3.55Mb区段和RM3139–RM494的1.65Mb区间;qTA9被定位于第9染色体RM257–RM189之间的3.40Mb区段;qTA10被定位在第10染色体RM222–S10-1之间的2.10Mb区段;qTA11被定位于第11染色体RM1761–RM4504之间的3.30Mb区间。以上研究结果为水稻分蘖角度QTL的精细定位和株型育种提供了依据。     

草莓花药培养获得无病毒植株的技术研究

以花粉发育为单核期的花药接种,在MS附加IAA 4ppm、K 2ppm、BA 2ppm的培养基上诱导愈伤组织,并可直接分化出“沙尔普斯”、“红岗利德”、“春香”3个品种的花药植株。稍加调整附加激素成分和浓度,可在“索非亚”、“宝交早生”、“戈雷拉”、“红衣”、“丽红”等品种的花药上直接经愈伤组织分化出植株。其中有“沙尔普斯”、“红岗利德”、“春香”、“宝交早生”、“索非亚”等5个品种的花药植株经过病毒检测确认不带SMoV、SCrV、SMYEV和SVBV4种病毒。对无病毒植株进行了田间对比试验,植株生长势和果实产量都明显超过对照品种。     

离散广义Logistic模型的稳定性和浑沌现象

文[1]提出了单种生长的连续性文广义Logistic dx/dt=γx({K-x}/(K+px))其中γ>ο为种群的内禀生长率,K>0为环境容纳量,ν>-1表示种群对环境(包括营     

Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing properties of auriculoside A in tumor cells

The C21-steroidal glycoside auriculoside A (1), recently isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum, was found to inhibit the growth of several human tumor cell lines and to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Compound 1 was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HO-8910, and Bel-7402 cells, and for its in vivo antitumor effects on implanted sarcoma-180 (S180) tumors in mice. It showed significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of the cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. MCF-7 Cells exposed to 1 displayed typical morphological apoptosis characteristics such as cytoplasm contraction and nuclear-chromatin condensation. Flow-cytometric analysis showed that the MCF-7 cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. When treated with 40 microg/ml of 1 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, the apoptotic rates of the cells were ca. 5, 8, and 18.5%, respectively.     

Effects of endogenous beta-amyloid overproduction on tau phosphorylation in cell culture

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by beta-amyloid (Abeta) overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Recent studies have shown that synthetic Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation in vitro. However, whether endogenously overproduced Abeta promotes tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used mouse neuroblastoma N2a stably expressing wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APPwt) or the Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) to determine the alterations of phosphorylated tau and the related protein kinases. We found that phosphorylation of tau at paired helical filament (PHF)-1, pSer396 and pThr231 epitopes was significantly increased in cells transfected with APPwt and APPswe, which produced higher levels of Abeta than cells transfected with vector or amyloid precursor-like protein 1. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was up-regulated with a concomitant reduction in the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3 at its N-terminal Ser9 residue. In contrast, the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) and protein kinase C (PKC) was down-regulated. Inhibition of GSK-3 by LiCl, but not inhibition of CDK-5 by roscovitine, arrested Abeta secretion and tau phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKC by GF-109203X activated GSK-3, whereas activation of PKC by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate inhibited GSK-3. These results suggest that endogenously overproduced Abeta induces increased tau phosphorylation through activation of GSK-3, and that inactivation of PKC is at least one of the mechanisms involved in GSK-3 activation.     

Normalizing genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction in epithelial and nonepithelial cells of mouse small intestine

Gene expression studies in intestinal epithelial and stromal cells are a common tool for investigating the mechanisms by which the homeostasis of the small intestine is regulated under normal and pathological conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive and highly reproducible method of gene expression analysis, with expression levels quantified by normalization against reference genes in most cases. However, the lack of suitable reference genes for epithelial cells with different differentiation states and nonepithelial tissue cells has limited the application of qPCR in gene expression studies of small intestinal samples. In this study, 13 housekeeping genes, ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, GUSB, HPRT1, HMBS, HSP90AB1, RPL13A, RPS29, RPLP0,PPIA, TBP, and TUBA1, were analyzed to determine their applicability for isolated crypt cells, villus cells, deepithelialized mucosa, and whole mucosa of the mouse small intestine. Using geNorm and NormFinder software, GUSB and TBP were identified as the most stably expressed genes, whereas the expressions of the commonly used reference genes GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB, and ribosomal protein genes RPL13A, RPS29, and RPLP0 were relatively unstable. Thus, this study demonstrates that GUSB and TBP are the optimal reference genes for the normalization of gene expression in the mouse small intestine.     

土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识多样性

生物资源利用相关的传统知识是对生物资源进行识别和利用的传统知识系统。随着现代生物技术的发展, 这类传统知识显示出其在科学、经济、文化乃至粮食安全战略方面的价值。本研究根据《生物多样性相关传统知识分类、调查与编目技术规定(试行)》, 对我国青海省土族聚集区的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识进行了系统调查与编目, 并借鉴生物多样性测度方法, 创建了传统知识多样性指数计算方法, 对土族生物资源利用相关传统知识多样性进行分析。结果如下: (1)编目现存的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识词条共424条; (2)土族传统知识的α多样性指数D_TK = 0.67, 表明其传统知识多样性较高; 土族传统知识的β_wtk多样性指数在不同的县域差异较大, 表明其在县域之间存在差异, 在空间上分布不连续、不均匀。本研究利用生物多样性指数验证了传统知识的定量研究方法, 说明传统知识多样性指数不仅可用于定量研究表征区域传统知识的多样性, 揭示不同空间区域内的分布特征, 还可为未来构建传统知识的定量研究体系提供重要的参考依据。     

玉米不同叶位叶片叶绿体超微结构与光合性能的研究

对玉米植株基部（第3叶）,中部（果穗叶）和上部（倒2叶）叶位叶片,进行叶绿体超微结构的观察,并测定了叶绿素含量和光合强度,结果表明,不同叶位叶片叶肉细胞中叶绿体的超微结构,随叶位上升而渐趋复杂化,果穗叶最为显著,向上又趋简单,具体表现为基粒片层的数目随叶位上升而增多基质片层和基质也随之增加,果穗叶最多,向上又趋减少,不同叶位叶片叶绿素含量和光合强度,果穗叶高于其它叶位。     

Specific regulation of SOD isoforms by NaCl and osmotic stress in leaves of the C3 halophyte Suaeda salsa L

The halophyte Suaeda salsa L., exposed to different NaCl concentrations (100 and 400 mmol/L) and polyethylene glycol (isoosomotic to 100 mmol/L NaCl) containing nutrient solutions under normal or K+-deficient conditions for 7 days, was used to study effects of NaCl salinity and osmotic stress on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, malonedialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoform activities. Photosynthetic capacity was not decreased by NaCl treatment, indicating that S. salsa possesses an effective antioxidative response system for avoiding oxidative damage. Seven SOD activity bands were detected in S. salsa leaf extracts, including an Mn-SOD and several isoforms of Fe-SOD and CuZn-SOD. It turned out that NaCl salinity and osmotic stress lead to a differential regulation of distinct SOD isoenzymes. This differential regulation is suggested to play a major role in stress tolerance of S. salsa.