雪被斑块对川西高山森林凋落叶N和P释放的影响

采用凋落物网袋法,研究冬季不同关键时期雪被斑块对川西高山森林6种代表性树种凋落物分解过程中N和P释放的影响.结果表明: 整个雪被覆盖季节凋落物N表现为富集,P表现为释放,且雪被融化期P释放速率最大.厚型和中型雪被斑块下凋落物P释放速率大于薄型和无雪被斑块,而薄型和无雪被斑块下凋落物的N释放速率明显较高.6种凋落物N释放率和释放速率与日均温呈显著负相关;除岷江冷杉外,其他树种凋落物P释放率和释放速率与日均温表现为正相关.气候变暖情景下冬季雪被覆盖的减小将促进高山森林冬季凋落物分解过程中N释放,抑制P释放.     

羰基生物还原法合成手性醇的研究进展

手性醇是合成许多光学活性药物、农用化学品及其他精细化学品的关键手性砌块。羰基生物还原法理论上可实现100%转化率,且反应条件温和,对环境十分友好,被普遍认为是生产手性醇的绿色、高效途径。综述了近年来利用生物信息学、高通量筛选和蛋白质工程的发展对新型、高效生物催化剂开发的影响,特别是利用相关技术手段开发羰基还原酶的进展。     

全球古海水化学演化与世界主要海相钾盐沉积关系暨中国海相成钾探讨

地球历史中海水的成份不是一直不变的,而是经历了"方解石海"与"文石海"的交替。不同的海水化学决定了不同的蒸发岩沉积序列,并决定了不同时期的蒸发岩矿物组合。海相钾盐沉积于海水蒸发的最后阶段,而同一时期全球海水组成基本一致,因此可以通过地质历史时期全球海水组成及海相沉积石盐的流体包裹体组成分析,探讨世界主要钾盐沉积与海水组成和盐度变化的关系,分析中国海相、海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积时期的钾盐沉积条件与标志,预测钾盐成矿的有利地质时代和层位。     

血清脂联素与载脂蛋白A5 及2 型糖尿病的关系

目的:检测血清脂联素(APN)水平,分析血清APN浓度与血脂、血清载脂蛋白A5(apoA5)及2型糖尿病的关系。方法:收集2型糖尿病(T2DM)210例,健康体检者112例,采用ELISA法检测血浆脂联素水平,双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清载脂蛋白A5(apoA5)水平,7600-020E全自动生化分析仪检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等,放射免疫分析仪检测血胰岛素水平。结果:T2DM患者血清APN浓度明显低于健康对照组,LDL-C、TG及TC均高于对照组(P<0.05)。T2DM患者血清apoA5浓度(200.3±51.2)ng/ml,显著低于健康对照组(229.8±56.5)ng/ml,P<0.05。Pearson相关分析显示经年龄、性别校正后APN水平与LDL-C、TG呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关;T2DM组APN与apoA5呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:T2DM患者血清APN水平显著降低,本研究证实低水平血清APN和apoA5不仅与血脂代谢密切相关,还可作为T2DM患者早期监测的指标,对其预后评价具有积极的意义。     

2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯还原酶产生菌筛选及产酶条件

研究了利用生物催化不对称还原的方法制备(R)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯[(R)-HPBE]。以2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯(OPBE)为底物,通过对实验室保藏菌株进行筛选,得到一株产物立体选择性较高的菌株G2ndida krusei SW2026,并对其发酵产酶条件进行研究。其最适的发酵培养基组成为4.5%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,1.5%牛肉膏,0.05%Mn~(2+);适宜的产酶发酵条件为初始pH 6.0,温度28℃,摇床转速180 r/min,发酵周期48 h。将此条件下发酵培养的菌体用于OPBE的不对称还原反应,产物(R)-HPBE的对映体过量值(e.e.)可达97.33%,产率最高达到72.54%。     

明党参内生菌的分离鉴定及其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用

研究郑州市栽培明党参内生菌资源状况,筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌具有拮抗作用的内生菌。采用平板培养法从明党参中分离内生细菌,通过混菌法和牛津杯双层平板扩散法筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显抑制作用的菌株,并通过培养特征、形态特征、生化特征、全自动微生物质谱检测、16S rDNA基因序列分析和系统进化树分析对菌株进行了分类学鉴定。在明党参中共分离到29株内生细菌,通过初筛和复筛后,筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显抑制作用的4株菌株NMY1、NMJ10、NMG10、PMG3,其中NMJ10对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达20.3 mm,经鉴定菌株NMJ10和菌株PMG3为芽胞杆菌属新菌种(Bacillus spp.),菌株NMY1为枯草芽胞杆菌(B.subtilis),菌株NMG10为假蕈状芽胞杆菌(B.pseudomycoides)。明党参内生菌具有多样性,其中芽胞杆菌属为优势菌株,有拮抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性高的菌株存在,其代谢产物对金黄色葡萄球菌有较高抑制作用,为抗菌药源成分的开发提供了新的来源。     

Elastic properties of the growth-controlling outer cell walls of maize coleoptile epidermis

The effects of tensile stress and temperature on cell wall elasticity have been investigated in the outer cell walls of coleoptile epidermis of 4- and 6-day-old Zea mays L. seedlings. The change in tensile stress from 6 to 40 MPa caused the increase in cell wall elastic modulus from 0.4 to 3 GPa. Lowering the temperature from 30 to 4 °C resulted in instantaneous and reversible cell wall elongation of 0.3–0.5 ‰. At a given temperature and stress level, the wall elastic modulus of 6-day-old seedlings tended to be 30 % higher than that of 4-day-old plants. The relationship between cell wall elasticity and mechanical stress indicated that the stress distribution within the cell wall is highly uneven. The analysis of the effect of temperature on cell wall elastic strain showed that structural differences between crystalline and amorphous load-bearing polymers were not the only cause of the uneven stress distribution. Based on the results obtained by Hejnowicz and Borowska-Wykr?t (Planta 220:465–473, 2005), we suggested that the uneven stress distribution is partially related to the stress gradient between inner and outer layers of the cell wall.     

Characterization of 10 KDA prolamin genes in Phyllostachys aurea (Bambusoideae, Poaceae)

Prolamin is the dominant class of seed storage protein in grasses (Poaceae). Information on the 10 kDa multigene family coding for prolamins characteristic of the bambusoid-oryzoid grasses is limited. Two genes encoding 10 kDa prolamin were cloned and sequenced in the bambusoid species Phyllostachys aurea to assess the sequence diversity of this gene family in the oryzoid-bambusoid grasses. The genes, ~417 bp in length, were 96% similar at the DNA sequence level, differing in 12 base substitutions dispersed throughout the sequence. Eight of these mutations were nonsynonymous, leading to amino acid substitutions in the coding region, and one was nonsense, producing an amber stop codon. One gene had an open reading frame (ORF) of 139 amino acids, while the other gene had a shorter ORF (106 amino acids) due to the presence of a stop codon in the coding region and, thus, represents a pseudogene. Deduced proteins showed amino acid composition similar to that of rice. The study underscores the overall conserved nature of this multigene family and reflects considerable sequence divergence at the DNA and amino acid levels between the Oryza and the Phyllostachys genes. The systematic implication of the data is discussed in light of the inconsistent placement of Oryza in the Bambusoideae or Oryzoideae.