Correlation between Light and Electron Microscopic Observations and Identification of Mycoplasmalike Organisms using Consecutive 350 nm Thick Sections

Serial sections of 350 nm thickness were used to make a correlation between electron and light microscopic observations. While thionin-acridine orange staining gave a positive result to detect abnormal sieve tubes of phyllody affected Phlox drummondii Hook, when observed under light microscope, the same cells revealed the presence of typical mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in electron microscopic examination. Advantage of 350 nm thick sections in electron microscopy, and the utility of the technique in MLO detection have been discussed.     

Mycoplasmalike Organisms (MLOs) Associated With the Witches' Broom Disease of Poplar

The witches' broom disease has been recently observed on poplars in Paris and its suburbs. The incidence of the disease appeared to be considerably high along main roads. The electron microscopic examination of 350 nm thick sieve tube sections revealed the presence of wall-less mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in diseased samples of Populus alba var. nivea Wesm. They could not be found in their healthy counterparts.     

Study on growth and biomass of underground organs ofTypha angustata Bory & Chaub

Underground and aboveground biomass and their ratios at flowering time in different natural stands of Typha angustata near Jaipur, India were studied in the field and experimentally over a period of eleven months (June to April). The underground biomass was 40–50% of the aboveground biomass in both natural and experimental conditions.     

Guaianolides from Saussurea affinis

Cynaropicrin, 11βH-11,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropicrin, aguerins A and B, isoamberboin and the new guaianolides saussureolide and 11βH-11,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropicrin 8-β-d-glucoside were isolated from Saussurea affinis.     

Bio-histopathological studies of endometrium in repeat breeding buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

A total of 24 uterine biopsies were successfully obtained from 40 repeat-breeding buffaloes. The endometrium of 15 buffaloes showed marked neutrophilic infiltration in the epithelium, stroma and uterine glands. In some cases, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, cystic dilatation of the glands and periglandular fibrosis indicated chronicity of the endometritis. Most of the animals (85.0%) had uterine cultures positive for Streptococci, Staphylococci, Gram positive variable cocci, Gram negative bacilli, Anthracoids, and Gram positive bacilli with a predominance of Corynebacteria. With the treatment based on in vitro drug sensitivity tests, 57.1% repeat-breeding buffaloes conceived.     

Methylation of transfer RNA during transformation of human lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin

Methylation of transfer RNA during phytohemagglutinin induced transformation of human lymphocytes was studied by labeling the tRNA $\text{in}\text{vivo}$ with (methyl-H³)-methionine and measuring the distribution of tritium in the methylated nucleotides. An alteration in the pattern of methylation occurred within hours after PHA-stimulation and this change was maintained through several cell generations. There was a 50 to 94% increase in the relative amount of methylated N²-methyl-guanine (1 to 3 hr) and a 40 to 59% decrease in the relative amount of 1-methyladenine (1 to 12 hr). Treatment of the stimulated cells with Actinomycin D prevented the subsequent methylation not tRNA. However, inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin did not effect the early changes observed in the methylation of tRNA.     

Occurrence of B-chromosomes in diploid Allium stracheyi Baker and their elimination in polyploids

Summary In a population of Allium stracheyi Baker (2n=14) growing in Darjeeling both diploids and polyploids occur. The diploids contain B-chromosomes varying from 2–10 in number. Polyploids are conspicuous by absence of B-chromosomes. These in diploids are found in the pollen mother cells and also in the pollen, and some are provided with subterminal constriction.Diploid individuals when brought from Darjeeling to Calcutta (i. e. from temperate to tropical regions) became polyploid within a month and the B-chromosomes were simultaneously lost. In order to confirm this unexpected result, the transfer experiment has been repeated thrice with fresh collections in each case and selection of diploid bulbs after cytological observation. In all cases the result has been the same. In rare cases one or two B-chromosomes were found in the polyploid cells which might represent intermediate steps of the disappearance.B-chromosomes in diploids possibly help the individual to compete with polyploids by enlarging the adaptive capacity.The sudden polyploidisation by transfer from the mountains to the plains might have been the result of a shock due to the temperature difference. The high temperature may be deleterious for the reproduction of B-chromosomes, and their degeneration products possibly contribute to cytoplasmic changes and the spindle disturbances which effect polyploidisation.     

Cytology of the autotriploid allium rubellum

Summary Of A. rubellum, already known as a diploid (2n=16), a triploid form has been collected from Pathankot. All the 24 chromosomes in the latter possess median to submedian kinetochores. Of these, 6 are nucleolar chromosomes, which do not represent 3 truly morphologically homologous pairs.Meiosis is characterised by the presence of quadrivalents, trivalents, bivalents and univalents. Out of these, trivalents are the most common and often as many as 8 were seen in a cell. Anaphase-I distribution is irregular and shows bridge-fragment configurations, lagging chromosomes and micronuclei. The subsequent course of meiosis is also not normal and results in sterility.In view of the high frequency of trivalents, the triploid form appears to be an autotriploid and the karyotypic heterozygosity points to an intervarietal origin. It maintains itself because of the efficient vegetative reproduction.