规范实验动物设施管理,提高科研服务质量

实验动物设施是医院科学研究的技术平台。如何利用有限的资源,全面提高实验动物中心科研服务水平是管理者亟待解决的问题。本文通过总结第四军医大学口腔医院实验动物中心的规范化建设及管理,探索提高实验动物中心运行效率和科研服务质量的方法。     

基于实地监测的城市林木调控PM2.5能力研究

随着城市的不断扩张,PM_2.5污染凸显,引起广泛关注。研究表明,城市林木为城市环境提供了重要的生态保障,在调控、缓解、降低城市PM_2.5污染危害等方面发挥极其重要的作用,通过筛选树种、优化配置结构、提高林木质量等方面进行城市林木前瞻性布局。然而,结合前期研究基础如何进一步深入研究并研究突破城市林木调控PM_2.5污染机制与机理,实现调控PM_2.5效应的最大化、最优化,依然是一个亟待解决的难题,这迫切需要在多尺度、多维度进行调控PM_2.5效应研究,并在不同尺度、不同维度进一步进行结合、延伸。对基于实地监测的城市林木调控PM_2.5能力研究现状相关文献进行归纳总结,并从林木单位叶面积与形态特征、配置结构特征、气象条件以及其他因素等方面归纳城市林木调控PM_2.5机制,同时从城市林木调控PM_2.5效应的时间变化特征、水平距离和垂直变化特征、内外变化特征等方面总结城市林木调控PM_2.5时空特征。最终提出研...     

基于激光雷达数据的物种分布模拟: 以美国加州内华达山脉南部区域食鱼貂分布模拟为例

生态位模型通过拟合物种分布与环境变量之间的关系提供物种空间分布预测, 在生物多样性研究中有广泛应用。激光雷达(LiDAR)是一种新兴的主动遥感技术, 已被大量应用于森林三维结构信息的提取, 但其在物种分布模拟的应用研究比较缺乏。本研究以美国加州内华达山脉南部地区的食鱼貂(Martes pennanti)的分布模拟为例, 探索LiDAR技术在物种分布模拟中的有效性。生态位模型采用5种传统多类分类器, 包括神经网络、广义线性模型、广义可加模型、最大熵模型和多元自适应回归样条模型, 并使用正样本-背景学习(presence and background learning, PBL)算法进行模型校正; 同时对这5种模型使用加权平均进行模型集成, 作为第6个模型。此外, 一类最大熵模型也被用于模拟该物种的空间分布。模型的连续输出和二值输出分别使用AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve)以及基于正样本-背景数据的评价指标F_pb进行评价。结果表明, 仅考虑气候因子(温度和降水)时, 7个模型的AUC和F_pb平均值分别为0.779和1.077; 当考虑LiDAR变量(冠层容重、枝下高、叶面积指数、高程、坡度等)后, AUC和F_pb分别为0.800和1.106。该研究表明, LiDAR数据能够提高食鱼貂空间分布的预测精度, 在物种分布模拟方面存在一定的应用价值。     

Dysregulated expression of ACTN4 contributes to endothelial cell injury via the activation of the p38-MAPK/p53 apoptosis pathway in preeclampsia

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease associated with increased endothelial cell dysfunction caused by systemic oxidative stress. Alpha-actinin-4...     

Identification of functional lncRNAs in gastric cancer by integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant cancer of digestive system, identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for GC is urgently demanded. The aim of this study was to determine potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of GC. Raw noncoding RNA microarray data (GSE53137, GSE70880, and GSE99417) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes between GC and adjacent normal gastric tissue samples were screened by an integrated analysis of multiple gene expression profile after gene reannotation and batch normalization. Differentially expressed genes were further confirmed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, survival analysis were extensively applied to identify hub lncRNAs and discover potential biomarkers related to diagnosis and prognosis of GC. In total of 246 integrated differential genes including 15 lncRNAs and 241 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were obtained after intersections of differential genes between GEO and TCGA database. ceRNA network comprised of three lncRNAs (UCA1, HOTTIP, and HMGA1P4), 26 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 72 mRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that three lncRNAs were mainly dominated in cell cycle and cellular senescence. Survival analysis showed that HMGA1P4 was statistically related to the overall survival rate. For the first time, we identified that HMGA1P4, a target of miR-301b/miR-508, is involved in cell cycle and senescence process by regulating CCNA2 in GC. Finally, the expression levels of three lncRNAs were validated to be upregulated in GC tissues. Thus, three lncRNAs including UCA1, HOTTIP, and HMGA1P4 may contribute to GC development and their potential functions might be associated with the prognosis of GC.     

Studies of Antibiotic Resistance of Beta-Lactamase Bacteria under Different Nutrition Limitations at the Single-Cell Level

Drug resistance involves many biological processes, including cell growth, cell communication, and cell cooperation. In the last few decades, bacterial drug resistance studies have made substantial progress. However, a major limitation of the traditional resistance study still exists: most of the studies have concentrated on the average behavior of enormous amounts of cells rather than surveying single cells with different phenotypes or genotypes. Here, we report our study of beta-lactamase bacterial drug resistance in a well-designed microfluidic device, which allows us to conduct more controllable experiments, such as controlling the nutrient concentration, switching the culture media, performing parallel experiments, observing single cells, and acquiring time-lapse images. By using GFP as a beta-lactamase indicator and acquiring time-lapse images at the single-cell level, we observed correlations between the bacterial heterogeneous phenotypes and their behavior in different culture media. The feedback loop between the growth rate and the beta-lactamase production suggests that the beta-lactamase bacteria are more resistant in a rich medium than in a relatively poor medium. In the poorest medium, the proportion of dormant cells may increase, which causes a lower death rate in the same generation. Our work may contribute to assaying the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria in heterogeneous complex media.     

自然曝气生物滤床去除二级污水处理厂尾水中酚类内分泌干扰物的应用

采用自然曝气生物滤床工艺对二级污水处理厂尾水进行深度处理。结果表明该工艺可在净化过程中创造良好的好氧环境,对尾水中悬浮颗粒物(SS)、化学需要氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH₄⁺)的去除效率分别可达76%、45%和77%。尾水中可检出不同程度的酚类内分泌干扰物,其中双酚A(BPA)、壬基酚(4-NP)、辛基酚(4-t-OP)、三氯生(TCS)和雌酮(E₁)的浓度在1～1639ng/L之间,未检出雌二醇(E₂)和炔雌醇(EE₂)。该工艺可显著削减上述有机微污染物的含量,去除效率分别可达49%、63%、78%、80%和46%。4-NP、4-t-OP和TCS的去除效率随水力负荷(HLR)减小而升高,E₁的去除效率不随HLR变化而变化,BPA的去除效率随HLR减小而下降,主要因为强疏水性有机物可在吸附竞争中降低疏水性较弱的有机物在系统中的吸附能力。     

长链非编码RNA的生物学功能和研究方法

长链非编码RNA(long-noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200nt的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA),不具有编码蛋白质的功能,直接以RNA的形式发挥作用,以诱饵分子、信号分子、引导分子和支架分子的方式在转录水平和转录后水平调节蛋白质编码基因的表达,参与细胞分化和个体发育等生命过程。lncRNA存在普遍的转录现象,但与蛋白质编码基因相比表达水平较低。基因组测序结果显示生物体内仅有少量的编码基因,绝大部分基因以非编码的形式存在于动物和植物体内起调控作用。近年来以miRNA和siRNA为代表的ncRNA的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,而lncRNA的研究才刚刚开始,但是已经有研究表明lncRNA有广泛的生物学功能,如染色体修饰、X染色体沉默、干扰或激活转录和核内运输等。以转录组测序、微阵列和荧光原位杂交为代表的研究方法也在发展完善。