Superoxide anion burst and taxol production induced by Ce in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Ce⁴⁺ in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata was investigated. The burst of superoxide anions (O₂√⁻) occurred rapidly after the addition of Ce⁴⁺ and reached maximum at 4.3 h, while the total level of the cellular reactive oxygen species maintained unchanged. The intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were activated while the intra/extracellular peroxidases (PODs) were inhibited accompanying the O₂√⁻ burst. The pretreatment of the suspension cultures with diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a suicide inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase, blocked the O₂√⁻ burst, inhibiting the cell apoptosis and taxol production induced by Ce⁴⁺. These results show that NADPH oxidase played a key role in O₂√⁻ burst and O₂√⁻ served as a mediator of Ce⁴⁺ for cell apoptosis and taxol production. The pretreatments of the suspension cultures with anthracene-9-carboxylate, an ion-channel blocker, nifedipine, a Ca²⁺-channel blocker, neomycin, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, or suramin, a G-protein inhibitor, decreased O₂√⁻ burst induced by Ce⁴⁺. It is thus inferred that Ce⁴⁺-induced O₂√⁻ burst, which mediated cell apoptosis and taxol production by activating the ion-channels, PLC, G-proteins and NADPH oxidase.     

Ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus from Jerusalem artichoke grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater

Aims: To study fuel ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC8554 from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater. Methods and Results: The growth and ethanol fermentation of K. marxianus ATCC8554 were studied using inulin as substrate. The activity of inulinase, which attributes to the hydrolysis of inulin, the main carbohydrate in Jerusalem artichoke, was monitored. The optimum temperatures were 38°C for growth and inulinase production, and 35°C for ethanol fermentation. Aeration was not necessary for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus from inulin. Then, the fresh Jerusalem artichoke tubers grown in salina and irrigated with 25% and 50% seawater were further examined for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus, and a higher ethanol yield was achieved for the Jerusalem artichoke tuber irrigated with 25% seawater. Furthermore, the dry meal of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers irrigated with 25% seawater was examined for ethanol fermentation at three solid concentrations of 200, 225 and 250 g l^?1, and the highest ethanol yield of 0·467, or 91·5% of the theoretical value of 0·511, was achieved for the slurry with a solid concentration of 200 g l^?1. Conclusions: Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke can be used for fuel ethanol production. Significance and Impact of the Study: Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke, not competing with grain crops for arable land, is a sustainable feedstock for fuel ethanol production.     

Effects of cooling treatment and glutaraldehyde on the morphology of Au nanostructures synthesized from chitosan

A facile approach for the synthesis of chitosan-based Au nanostructures that have interesting absorptions in the near-infrared (NIR) region is presented. The effects of cooling treatment and the cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde on the formation of Au nanostructures based on chitosan were investigated. It has been demonstrated that the size and shape, and thus the optical properties of Au nanostructures, could be modulated via cooling treatment. The optical absorption extension of these Au nanostructures in the NIR region is promising in biomedical applications. The presence of a cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde, during synthesis accelerated the reduction of the Au precursor and favored the growth of isotropic Au nanoparticles. A possible mechanism for the change in growth modality of Au nanostructures with and without glutaraldehyde was elucidated.     

甘蓝型油菜秦优10号杂交种纯度鉴定的SSR引物筛选

为了建立一套快速可靠的油菜杂交种纯度的鉴定方法,本文以秦优10号及其亲本、杂种ZZH2为试验材料,对前人开发的2对SSR引物(7号引物, 9号引物)进行了再次筛选.结果显示,7号引物不但能很好地区别出混入杂交种中的亲本,还能将杂交种子的同母异父组合种子从杂交种中分离出来,能够用于鉴别秦优10号杂交种子的真伪;9号引物能区分出杂交种和母本,但不能区分开杂交种和父本.同时,本试验利用人工制成的秦优10号杂交种标准样(纯度为100%)以及7份大田鉴定不同纯度梯度的杂交种子对7号引物鉴定结果的准确性进行了验证,鉴定结果与大田鉴定结果基本一致.本文结果将为鉴定秦优10号杂交种纯度提供更准确的技术资料.     

超声检测左心室舒张功能的临床意义——85例超声检测结果与冠状动脉造影的对照分析

目的超声心动图检测左心室舒张功能与冠状动脉造影对照分析,探讨超声诊断的临床意义。方法85例临床疑诊冠心病超声检查左心室二尖瓣口舒张早、晚期血流充盈速度E、A两峰峰值,计算E/A比值,其结果分为舒张功能正常和降低两组。全部病人均与冠状动脉造影结果对照分析。结果超声检测左心室舒张功能与冠脉造影均正常24例,均异常53例,共77例,符合率90.59%,不符合8例,占9.41%;本文依据冠脉造影提出超声检测左心室舒张功能正常值;并发现冠心病早期舒张功能降低,且随年龄与病程长短不同。结论超声检测左心室舒张功能的改变与冠脉造影符合率高,舒张功能于冠心病早期可降低,随病程长短不同,为临床对冠心病诊治和预防提供有价值的信息。     

A novel membrane based process to isolate photosystem-I membrane complex from spinach

The isolation of photosystem-I (PS-I) from spinach has been conducted using ultrafiltration with 300 kDa molecular weight cut-off polyethersulfone membranes. The effects of ultrafiltration operating conditions on PS-I activity were optimized using parameter scanning ultrafiltration. These conditions included solution pH, ionic strength, stirring speed, and permeate flux. The effects of detergent (Triton X-100 and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside) concentration on time dependent activity of PS-I were also studied using an O₂ electrode. Under optimized conditions, the PS-I purity obtained in the retentate was about 84% and the activity recovery was greater than 94% after ultrafiltration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a membrane protein using ultrafiltration alone.     

按蚊肠道微生物及其在阻断疟疾传播上的应用

按蚊体内,尤其是中肠内定殖着大量的微生物群落。肠道菌群通过与按蚊的长期协同进化形成了相互依存的共生关系。肠道共生菌参与调节按蚊的多种生命活动,对于维持按蚊的健康发挥着重要作用,已经成为一个与宿主按蚊密不可分的重要"器官"。研究表明,肠道共生菌在按蚊物质代谢、营养、发育、生殖、免疫调控和免疫防御等生理过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。蚊虫是疟疾、登革、寨卡等多种疾病的传播媒介,而肠道共生菌对寄生虫和病毒在蚊虫肠道内的发育和感染具有重要影响,因此研究蚊虫与共生菌的相互作用有着重要的理论和实践意义。本文将对按蚊肠道共生菌的多样性、生物学功能、与宿主相互作用的机制及其在防治疟疾上的应用进展进行综述,并对未来的研究提出展望。     

满天香精油化学成分的研究

采用Finngan-4510型毛细管气相色谱/质谱/电子计算机联用(GC/MS/DS)技术,辅以~1H NMR,~18C NMR和化学的手段,对广西龙州产满天香精油进存定性定量分析,分离出37个组分,鉴定了其中26个,占精油总量的97.40％。其主要成分为薄荷酮(51.09％)、异满天酮(7.95％)、(+)-新薄荷醇(19.42％)、枞油烯(5.71％)、薄荷醇,β-水芹烯等。薄荷香是一种富含薄荷酮、薄荷醇的新资源植物。