最大或然数法在光合细菌计数中的应用及效果研究

1引言光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)是能进行不放氧光合作用的一大类细菌的总称,属水圈微生物,广泛分布于地球生物圈,无论江、河、湖、海,水田、旱地都有存在[3].光合细菌在水体自净、调节微生态平衡、促进动植物生长、增加产量和提高产品质量、防病、固氮等方面具有重要作用[3,22].近年来,光合细菌菌剂在水产养殖、家畜养殖、污水处理及植物生产上的应用日益广泛[3,13,19,27,28,31],相继推出多种产品,包括单菌菌剂、复合菌剂,剂型上有液体菌剂、浓缩菌剂和固体菌剂(粉剂)等[20].为保证产品质量和应用效果,有必要对光合细菌菌剂…     

三氯化镧脑室注射对下丘脑腹内侧核放电及血清中生长素 …

目的和方法：将不同剂量三氯化镧ＬａＣｌ３注射大鼠侧脑室,观察下丘脑腹内侧（ＶＭＮ）放电频率和血清生长素（ＧＨ）含量,研究ＬａＣｌ３对神经内分泌的影响。结果：小剂量（０．００５μｍｏｌ）注射后可使ＶＭＮ中ＧＨ相关神经元放明显增加,并可引起血清中ＧＨ含量的增加;而大剂量ＬａＣｌ３（０．５μｍｏｌ）组,ＶＭＮ放电呈抑制反应,此组动物血清中ＧＨ含量呈减少趋势,明显低于小剂量组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但与生理盐水     

广州地区急性散发性HEV毒株基因特征和生物学性状的研究

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术对我国广州地区急性性戊型肝炎病毒细胞培养分离株Ｇ９３－１、Ｇ９３－２、Ｇ９３－３和Ｇ９３－４基因组聚合酶区部分核苷序列进行检测,ＰＣＲ阳性产物经纯化、克隆后测定。结果Ｇ９３－１、Ｇ９３－３和Ｇ９３－４株病毒的这段序列完全相同,且与我国新疆暴发流行的ＨＥＶ８７Ａ株及ＨＥＶ代表株的同源性为１００％;而Ｇ９３－２株与它们的差异较大,同源性只有７９．９％;但是,它与１９９７年厦门地区急     

尿激酶受体反义RNA抑制人乳腺癌细胞的侵袭作用

将尿激酶受体 u PAR反义 RNA表达质粒 p URAS以脂质体法转染高侵袭性人乳腺癌细胞株 MDA- MB- 2 31 ,G41 8筛选抗性克隆 .Northern印迹法检测 u PAR反义 RNA的表达 ,RT- PCR法检测 u PAR的表达 ,牛奶板法测定细胞培养上清中纤溶活性 .改良 Boyden小室模型和裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫接种试验分别检测肿瘤细胞体外和体内侵袭能力 .反义克隆细胞能表达 u PAR反义RNA,其 u PAR表达水平及培养上清中纤溶活性明显降低 .反义细胞克隆体外侵袭能力比原代细胞 MDA- MB- 2 31和转染载体细胞克隆显著降低 .裸小鼠体内侵袭实验表明 ,反义细胞克隆的成瘤性、生长性和侵袭性均显著受到抑制 .u PAR至少在一部分恶性乳腺癌侵袭行为中发挥重要作用 ,反义 RNA可望成为抗肿瘤侵袭治疗的一种有效手段 .     

Quantitative regulation of the thermal stability of enveloped virus vaccines by surface charge engineering to prevent the self-aggregation of attachment glycoproteins

The development of thermostable vaccines can relieve the bottleneck of existing vaccines caused by thermal instability and subsequent poor efficacy, which is one of the predominant reasons for the millions of deaths caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Research into the mechanism of viral thermostability may provide strategies for developing thermostable vaccines. Using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as model, we identified the negative surface charge of attachment glycoprotein as a novel determinant of viral thermostability. It prevented the temperature-induced aggregation of glycoprotein and subsequent detachment from virion surface. Then structural stability of virion surface was improved and virus could bind to and infect cells efficiently after heat-treatment. Employing the approach of surface charge engineering, thermal stability of NDV and influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines was successfully improved. The increase in the level of vaccine thermal stability was determined by the value-added in the negative surface charge of the attachment glycoprotein. The engineered live and inactivated vaccines could be used efficiently after storage at 37°C for at least 10 and 60 days, respectively. Thus, our results revealed a novel surface-charge-mediated link between HN protein and NDV thermostability, which could be used to design thermal stable NDV and IAV vaccines rationally.     

Assessing the impact of ambient temperature on the risk of hand,foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong,China: New insight from the disease severity and burden

BackgroundThe association between the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and ambient temperature has been well documented. Although the severity of symptoms is an important indicator of disease burden and varies significantly across cases, it usually was ignored in previous studies, potentially leading to biased estimates of the health impact of temperature.MethodsWe estimated the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) by considering the severity of symptoms for each HFMD case reported during 2010–2012 in Guangdong and used distributed lag-nonlinear models to estimate the association between the daily average temperature and daily DALY of HFMD cases at the city-level. We investigated the potential effect modifiers on the pathway between temperature and DALY and pooled city-specific estimates to a provincial association using a meta-regression. The overall impact of temperature was further evaluated by estimates of DALYs that could be attributed to HFMD.ResultsThe overall cumulative effect of daily mean temperature on the DALY of HFMD showed an inverse-U shape, with the maximum effect estimated to be β = 0.0331 (95%CI: 0.0199–0.0463) DALY at 23.8°C. Overall, a total of 6.432 (95%CI: 3.942–8.885) DALYs (attributable fraction = 2.721%, 95%CI: 1.660–3.759%) could be attributed to temperature exposure. All the demographic subgroups had a similar trend as the main analysis, while the magnitude of the peak of the temperature impact tended to be higher among the males, those aged ≥3yrs or from the Pear-River Delta region. Additionally, the impact of temperature on DALY elevated significantly with the increasing population density, per capita GDP, and per capita green space in parks.ConclusionsTemperature exposure was associated with increased burden of HFMD nonlinearly, with certain groups such as boys and those from areas with greater population density being more vulnerable.     

蝎毒耐热蛋白对大鼠急性分离海马神经元兴奋性的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳记录技术在电流钳模式下观察经持续高温等特殊处理后分离纯化的30～50 kDa蝎毒耐热蛋白(scorpion venom heat resistant protein,SVHRP)(国家发明专利,专利号ZL01 106166.92)对急性分离大鼠海马神经元兴奋性的影响.结果发现SVHRP可致海马神经元兴奋性降低.神经元经1×10-2 μg/mL SVHRP处理后动作电位发放模式改变,发放频率减少.在52个受检细胞中,有45个细胞产生位相放电(占86.54%);7个细胞产生重复放电(占13.46%).在产生位相放电的45个细胞中,有8个细胞在SVHRP处理后仍可以诱发出位相放电(占17.78%);37个细胞在SVHRP处理后无法诱导出位相放电(占82.22%),SVHRP处理后动作电位的产生与处理前相比,有显著差异(P＜0.01,n=45);在产生重复放电的7个细胞中,在1×10-2μg/mL SVHRP作用后均不能再次诱发出重复放电,而是产生一个动作电位或不再产生动作电位,药物处理前产生的动作电位个数为14.57±1.00,SVHRP处理后产生动作电位的个数为0.57±0.20,二者之间有显著性差异(P＜0.01,n=7).1×10-4 μg/mLSVHRP处理后,诱发动作电位产生的基强度由(75.10±8.99)pA增加到(119.85±12.73)pA(P＜0.01,n=8);阈电位由(-41.17±2.15)mV升至(-32.40±1.48)mV(P＜0.01,n=8);动作电位峰值由(68.49±2.33)mV下降至(54.71±0.81)mV(P＜0.01,n=8).由于神经元超兴奋性被认为是癫痫发作的基本机制之一,因此上述结果表明SVHRP有可能通过降低海马神经元兴奋性发挥其抗癫痫作用,这为蝎毒药物的进一步开发提供理论依据.     

JQ-1 ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma in mice by suppressing male and female reproductive systems and egg development of Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosomiasis is a serious and widespread parasitic disease caused by infection with Schistosoma. Because the parasite’s eggs are primarily responsible for schistosomiasis dissemination and pathogenesis, inhibiting egg production is a potential approach to control the spread and severity of the disease. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins represent promising targets for the development of epigenetic drugs against Schistosoma. JQ-1 is a selective inhibitor of the BET protein family. In the present study, JQ-1 was applied to S. japonicum in vitro. By using laser confocal scanning microscopy and EdU incorporation assays, we showed that application of JQ-1 to worms in vitro affected egg laying and the development of both the male and female reproductive systems. JQ-1 also inhibited the expression of the reproductive-related genes SjPlk1 and SjNanos1 in S. japonicum. Mice infected with S. japonicum were treated with JQ-1 during egg granuloma formation. JQ-1 treatment significantly reduced the size of the liver granulomas and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in mice and suppressed both egg laying and the development of male and female S. japonicum reproductive systems in vivo. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the parasites. Our findings suggest that JQ-1 treatment attenuates S. japonicum egg–induced hepatic granuloma due at least in part to suppressing the development of the reproductive system and egg production of S. japonicum. These findings further suggest that JQ-1 or other BET inhibitors warrant additional study as a new approach for the treatment or prevention of schistosomiasis.