芦笋木蠹蛾对芦笋根茎的选择及湿度对其蛹发育的影响

在室内条件下,观察和测定了芦笋木蠹蛾Isoceras sibirica(Alpheraky)幼虫对芦笋(Asparagus offcinalis)青茎、白茎、贮藏根的选择性、转化率和利用率.采用Cain和Sheppard指数、Ivelev指数统计结果,该虫对芦笋根、茎的喜好性排序为青茎＞白茎＞贮藏根.而幼虫对芦笋根、茎的相对取食量、相对生长率、近似消化率、食物利用率和食物转化率的排序为白茎＞青茎＞贮藏根.在白笋和青笋的食料组合中,幼虫对白笋存在负转换行为(Si=-0.31),对青笋存在正转换行为(Si=0.28).在白笋和贮藏根的食料组合中,该虫对白笋存在正转换行为(Si=0.03),而对贮藏根存在负转换行为(Si=-0.09).在室温30℃空气相对湿度(RH)为100%、76%、50%、32%和0的处理中,均以0～1日龄蛹的净失水量最高,分别为0.43%、0.88%、1.11%、1.84%和5.81%.随着蛹龄的增高,其失水率缓慢增长.蛹羽化前,高湿(RH100%)和中湿(RH76%,RH50%,RH32%)处理中蛹的累计失水率依次为4.27%,12.4%,17.8%和19.9%,而低湿(RH 0%)处理中蛹的失水率高达40.9%.在各RH下,蛹1日龄后的逐日累计失水率均与其日龄呈明显的线性关系.在RH32%～100%条件下,蛹的羽化率为83.4%～90.2%,在RH0%条件下,其羽化率仅有36.3%.在不同时段,蛹的表皮渗透力有两个高峰,分别出现在最初的2 h和8 h内,以2 h内的表皮渗透力最高,达0.25μg(cm2.h.mmHg).8 h后,随着测定时间的延长,蛹的表皮渗透力明显降低,24 h时仅有0.14μg/(cm2.h.mmHg).     

家用调料植物粗提物防治小菜蛾的研究

以安全性和简易性为前提的庭园害虫防治成为休闲生活不可或缺的技术。本文以花椒Zanthoxylum bungeamtm、八角茴香lUicium veturn、辣椒Capsicum frutescens等日用品为材料,研究了不同种类、浓度和作用时间对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella这一重要庭园害虫的拒食、触杀及产卵忌避效果。拒食试验表明,供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著拒食作用,拒食率从大到小依次为八角茴香（0．94）、花椒（0．86）、辣椒（0．76）;拒食率随处理时问长短变化的差异不显著,但随提取液浓度的升高而升高。触杀试验表明,供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著触杀作用,24h内死亡率从大到小依次为花椒（45．6％）、八角茴香（35．6％）、辣椒（23．3％）,均显著高于对照处理的1．1％;触杀死亡率随虫龄的增加而降低。产卵忌避试验表明,3种植物对小菜蛾成虫产卵忌避作用由大到小依次为辣椒、八角茴香、花椒。综合本研究所得结果来看,八角茴香对小菜蛾的控制效果最好。所选材料容易获得,对小菜蛾忌避作用明显,在庭园小菜蛾防治中具有潜在的应用价值。     

海洋菌W11产中温淀粉酶的酶学特性

本研究从威海文登海域筛选获得一株产淀粉酶海洋菌W11,初步鉴定为弧菌,并探讨pH、温度、无机离子对淀粉酶活性和稳定性的影响及该酶底物浓度效应和Km值。结果表明:在pH7.5左右酶活性最高,pH在4.0～7.5范围内体现较强的稳定性。最适酶解温度为55℃,酶液在60℃以下有较好的热稳定性;Ba2+、Mn2+对淀粉酶有激活作用,而Cu2+、Mg2+、Zn2+则抑制淀粉酶活性,表观Km值为0.973mg/mL。海洋菌W11所产的中温淀粉酶保存温度范围较广、适应pH作用的范围广及稳定性较强,将有着广泛的应用潜力。     

ANMM4CBR: a case-based reasoning method for gene expression data classification

Background  

Accurate classification of microarray data is critical for successful clinical diagnosis and treatment. The "curse of dimensionality" problem and noise in the data, however, undermines the performance of many algorithms.     

Evaluation of multicomponent recombinant vaccines against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</Emphasis> in mice

Background  

Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP) is a highly contagious disease that is caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and characterized by severe fibrinous necrotizing hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia, which is a severe threat to the swine industry. In addition to APP RTX-toxins I (ApxI), APP RTX-toxin II (ApxII), APP RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) and Outer membrane protein (OMP), there may be other useful antigens that can contribute to protection. In the development of an efficacious vaccine against APP, the immunogenicities of multicomponent recombinant subunit vaccines were evaluated.     

A formal model for analyzing drug combination effects and its application in TNF-α-induced NFκB pathway

Background

Drug combination therapy is commonly used in clinical practice. Many methods including Bliss independence method have been proposed for drug combination design based on simulations models or experiments. Although Bliss independence method can help to solve the drug combination design problem when there are only a small number of combinations, as the number of combinations increases, it may not be scalable. Exploration of system structure becomes important to reduce the complexity of the design problem.

Results

In this paper, we deduced a mathematical model which can simplify the serial structure and parallel structure of biological pathway for synergy evaluation of drug combinations. We demonstrated in steady state the sign of the synergism assessment factor derivative of the original system can be predicted by the sign of its simplified system. In addition, we analyzed the influence of feedback structure on survival ratio of the serial structure. We provided a sufficient condition under which the combination effect could be maintained. Furthermore, we applied our method to find three synergistic drug combinations on tumor necrosis factor α-induced NFκB pathway and subsequently verified by the cell experiment.

Conclusions

We identified several structural properties underlying the Bliss independence criterion, and developed a systematic simplification framework for drug combiation desgin by combining simulation and system reaction network topology analysis. We hope that this work can provide insights to tackle the challenging problem of assessment of combinational drug therapy effect in a large scale signaling pathway. And hopefully in the future our method could be expanded to more general criteria.     

Quality of life in mothers of children with oppositional defiant symptoms: a community sample

Background Children with oppositional defiant symptoms (ODS) are highly related to parental stress, especially in mothers. This study is the first to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with ODS in a community sample.Methods Randomly selected mothers of children attending an elementary school were contacted, and 387 who completed the questionnaire participated in this study. The children's ODS status was determined by the maternal rating of the Chinese Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale, version IV. The mothers' QOL was estimated by maternal reports from the World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. The relationship between the children's ODS status and maternal QOL was examined by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the participants' sociodemographic factors as covariables.Results Sixty-three children, mostly boys, met the screening criteria for ODS. The positive screening rate for ODS was 16.49%. The children's ODS status was a significant predictor for the maternal physical capacity, psychological wellbeing and environment domains of QOL. Mothers of children with ODS who rented a house were younger and had lower education levels and worse QOL in all domains.Conclusion A high positive screening rate for ODS children in the elementary school and a relationship between poor maternal QOL and children's ODS were found in this study. Routine screening for ODS in children and mental health services for these children and their mothers are warranted.     

Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci for spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study identified four and five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 1,000-grain weight (TGW) and spikelets per panicle (SPP), respectively, using rice recombinant inbred lines. QTLs for the two traits (SPP3a and TGW3a, TGW3b and SPP3b) were simultaneously identified in the two intervals between RM3400 and RM3646 and RM3436 and RM5995 on chromosome 3. To validate QTLs in the interval between RM3436 and RM5995, a BC₃F₂ population was obtained, in which TGW3b and SPP3b were simultaneously mapped to a 2.6-cM interval between RM15885 and W3D16. TGW3b explained 50.4% of the phenotypic variance with an additive effect of 1.81 g. SPP3b explained 29.1% of the phenotypic variance with an additive effect of 11.89 spikelets. The interval had no effect on grain yield because it increased SPP but decreased TGW and vice versa. Grain shape was strongly associated with TGW and was used for QTL analysis in the BC₃F₂ population. Grain length, grain width, and grain thickness were also largely controlled by TGW3b. At present, it is not clear whether one pleiotropic QTL or two linked QTLs were located in the interval. However, the conclusion could be made ultimately by isolation of TGW3b. The strategy for TGW3b isolation is discussed.     

CaCl_2对UV-B辐射下菠菜叶片光合特性的影响

以"丹麦旺盛菠菜"为材料,通过UV-B和CaCl2复合处理,测定光合色素含量、Hill反应活力、叶绿素荧光、MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性等参数,探讨了CaCl2对UV-B辐射下菠菜叶片电子传递链和光合膜酶保护系统的影响。结果表明,UV-B处理下,光合色素含量、chl/car、类囊体膜上PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)、PSII光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),以及Hill反应活力等降低,chla/chlb和MDA含量升高;喷洒CaCl2可不同程度缓解UV-B的伤害。不同处理下,POD、SOD和CAT活性的变化呈现补偿效应。UV-B强度与菠菜叶片PSII功能受损程度呈正相关,CaCl2则主要通过提高chlb含量、类囊体膜上的光量子产量和POD活性,以缓解伤害。重度UV-B辐射下,CaCl2使chlb含量显著提高可能是导致PSII捕光效率提高的重要因素。     

苦杏仁精油对粘虫的触杀活性研究

以粘虫4龄幼虫为对象,采用"点滴法"研究了山杏种仁两种苦杏仁精油(含HCN和去HCN)对粘虫的触杀活性及其生长发育的影响.结果显示,处理后48 h,5～100 μL/mL浓度处理的试虫死亡率均在51.67%以上,40和100 μL/mL浓度处理的粘虫死亡率分别达到了95%(含HCN)/98.33%(去HCN)和100%,48 h时含HCN与除去HCN两种苦杏仁精油对粘虫的触杀致死中浓分别为5.10和4.69 μL/mL;苦杏仁精油对粘虫的化蛹期以及羽化期提前1～3 d,并有一定数量的畸形蛹出现,部分试虫虽能正常化蛹并羽化,但其蛹以及成虫虫体均较对照小,且羽化后蛾体萎缩,活动力降低,因展翅困难而死.可见,两种苦杏仁精油对粘虫具有很强的触杀活性,且去HCN的苦杏仁精油对粘虫的活性高于含HCN的苦杏仁精油,其对粘虫生长发育抑制活性主要表现化蛹期以及羽化期提前,苦杏仁精油有望发展为植物性杀虫剂.