地上部植食者褐飞虱对不同水稻品种土壤线虫群落的影响

地上和地下部生物群落的交互作用对于调控陆地生态过程具有重要作用。在盆栽条件下利用2×2析因设计研究了褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)取食不同水稻品种后对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明, 褐飞虱侵害水稻9 d后, 感虫品种(广四和汕优63)的土壤线虫总数、属数及自生线虫(食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和捕食性线虫)数量增加, 并且一般达到显著水平(P<0.05); 而上述指标在抗虫品种(汕优559和IR36)土壤中则呈现相反的趋势。植食性线虫数量在强感虫品种广四上显著增加(P<0.05), 而在强抗虫品种IR36上显著减少(P<0.05)。褐飞虱和水稻品种对土壤线虫的生态指数(线虫通道指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、成熟度指数、富集指数和结构指数)没有明显影响, 可能与供试土壤线虫群落组成单一及褐飞虱作用时间较短有关。总之, 褐飞虱强烈影响土壤线虫数量、群落组成和营养结构, 并且作用的方向(促进或抑制)和程度依赖于水稻的品种特性, 揭示出地上部植食者的短期侵害将对稻田土壤生态系统的结构和功能产生深远影响。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒YB株σB蛋白的基因序列分析及其原核表达

番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus,DRV)是造成雏番鸭高死亡率的重要病原体,深入其检测与免疫研究对于防控DRV感染意义重大。利用RT-PCR和测序技术,对3株福建DRV分离株的S3基因进行序列分析,发现DRV-YH、YJL株与禽呼肠孤病毒(Avian reovirus,ARV)遗传距离较近,同源性高达94.6%～98.9%,而DRV-YB株与ARV同源性仅为60.6%～61.7%。构建和鉴定DRV YB株重组原核表达质粒pET-30a-S3,并转化大肠杆菌BL21,SDS-PAGE表明,表达的目的蛋白分子量约为42ku,IPTG最适诱导浓度为0.1mM,最适诱导时间为5h,最适诱导温度为37℃,以包涵体形式存在。薄层扫描显示重组DRVσB蛋白占菌体总量的67.7%。以Ni 2+柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,纯化后的目的蛋白纯度为93%,质量浓度为0.86g/L。Western blot分析该融合蛋白能与抗DRV阳性血清发生特异性反应,表明重组DRVσB蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性。     

An improved transformation protocol for studying gene expression in hairy roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

A transformation protocol, based on co-inoculation with two strains of Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 and A. rhizogenes 15834 containing a binary vector with the GUS gene, was established for the induction of transgenic hairy roots from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) explants. It resulted in marked improvement in the formation of hairy roots and the integration of the binary vector T-DNA into the host genome. Of 250 inoculated sugar beet hypocotyls, 84% yielded hairy roots 5–7 days after inoculation, of which 70% were co-transformed with the binary vector T-DNA. To determine stable expression of alien genes in hairy roots, the nematode resistance gene Hs1 ^pro-1 was used as a reporter gene. In addition, molecular marker analysis was applied to monitor stable incorporation of a translocation from the wild beet B. procumbens. The molecular analysis and the nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance test in vitro demonstrated that the genomic structure and the expression of the Hs1 ^pro-1 -mediated nematode resistance were well-maintained in all hairy root cultures even after repeated sub-culture. Received: 25 November 1997 / Revision received: 26 May 1998 / Accepted: 15 June 1998     

白化病的遗传流行病学研究

本文应用分离分析和血缘分析方法,对山东省１００余万人群遗传病调查中发现的３７个白化病核心家系进行了分析。结果表明：白化病存在遗传异质性,为多基因常染色体隐性遗传,最小基因数为８,平均基因频率为０．００２３,群体中致病基因携带者频率为０．０３８３;近亲结婚大大提高白化病的患病率。     

益生菌在结直肠癌患者中的应用

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发病率及病死率在多国多年居高不下,肠道微生态的失衡在CRC的发生发展中所起的作用被许多学者所证实。专家一致认为,积极纠正肠道微生态失衡是可取的。CRC患者术前肠道菌群已经出现改变,术后肠道菌群失衡加重,化疗会进一步加重这种失衡状态。肠道微生态的稳态对机体肠道功能和免疫功能等起着重要作用。益生菌作为一种可调节肠道菌群的微生态制剂,已显现出在CRC患者治疗中的应用价值,现对益生菌在CRC患者中的应用进展作一综述。     

Comparative adaptations of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena for nitrogen fixation under weak irradiance

1. In situ measurements of nitrogen fixation rates for Aphanizomenon in fertile Colorado lakes with low inorganic nitrogen concentrations demonstrated high efficiency of nitrogen fixation at low irradiance. 2. For study populations, rates of N₂ fixation in darkness and with alternating exposure to light and darkness were a higher percentage of light‐saturated rates for Aphanizomenon than for Anabaena, suggesting storage of reduced metabolites at high irradiance that are used subsequently by Aphanizomenon when cells are forced by mixing into zones of low irradiance. Also, saturation of N₂ fixation occurred over a lower range of irradiance for Aphanizomenon than for Anabaena. 3. High efficiency of N₂ fixation in Aphanizomenon at low or fluctuating irradiance is complementary to its previously demonstrated high efficiency of photosynthesis at low irradiance. Nitrogen fixation rate was also strongly related to DIN concentration; fixation was highest at low DIN (maximum < 5 μg L^?1) but was also most vulnerable to photoinhibition under such conditions. 4. The fixation capabilities of Aphanizomenon under weak or varying irradiance could explain its commonly observed domination over Anabaena when transparency is low and available nitrogen is scarce.     

辛伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化大鼠凋亡相关基因Fas及FasL蛋白表达的影响

目的通过研究辛伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管壁中细胞凋亡相关基因Fas及FasL蛋白表达产物的影响,探讨其在预防动脉粥样硬化发生中的可能机制。方法复制动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,以辛伐他汀干预,取胸主动脉,观察其斑块变化,采用免疫组化Elivision法测定动脉粥样硬化血管壁中Fas、FasL蛋白表达。结果Fas蛋白表达在实验组明显高于对照组及干预组(P<0.01,P<0.05),实验组FasL蛋白表达也明显高于对照组及干预组(P<0.05)。结论Fas及FasL基因通过促进细胞凋亡作用而诱发动脉粥样硬化过程,辛伐他汀可通过调节细胞凋亡过程发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。     

基因治疗与人类健康

随着分子生物学及基因工程技术的迅猛发展 ,基因治疗已经成为治疗人类疾病的重要方法之一 ,同时也是维护人类健康最有发展前景的手段之一。诸如遗传病、肿瘤、和传染病与心血管病的基因治疗。遗传免疫方面 ,病毒性疾病和肿瘤的基因治疗 ,如将病毒抗原基因 (HBsAg)及一些肿瘤抗原基因 (CEA)直接注入人体内而产生抗体 ;人类亚健康状态 ,如肥胖、秃顶、疲劳、衰老等的基因治疗。然而基因治疗目前仍面临着许多困扰 ,如基因治疗的有效性、安全性、及社会伦理等诸多问题 ,因此在临床实际应用中要慎之又慎。只有对基因治疗合理规范和正确引导并遵循伦理原则 ,才能最终推动现代医学的发展。