全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1779篇 |
免费 | 134篇 |
国内免费 | 89篇 |
专业分类
2002篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 61篇 |
2021年 | 74篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 77篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 82篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 103篇 |
2012年 | 157篇 |
2011年 | 125篇 |
2010年 | 96篇 |
2009年 | 68篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 70篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 55篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 54篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2002条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Objective
To improve the performance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equation in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients by modification of the CKD-EPI equation.Design and patients
A total of 1196 subjects were enrolled. Measured GFR was calibrated to the dual plasma sample 99mTc-DTPA-GFR. GFRs estimated by the re-expressed 4-variable MDRD equation, the CKD-EPI equation and the Asian modified CKD-EPI equation were compared in 351 diabetic/non-diabetic pairs. And a new modified CKD-EPI equation was reconstructed in a total of 589 type 2 diabetic patients.Results
In terms of both precision and accuracy, GFR estimating equations all achieved better results in the non-diabetic cohort comparing with those in the type 2 diabetic cohort (30% accuracy, P≤0.01 for all comparisons). In the validation data set, the new modified equation showed less bias (median difference, 2.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 for the new modified equation vs. ranged from −3.8 to −7.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 for the other 3 equations [P<0.001 for all comparisons]), as was precision (IQR of the difference, 24.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. ranged from 27.3 to 30.7 ml/min/1.73 m2), leading to a greater accuracy (30% accuracy, 71.4% vs. 55.2% for the re-expressed 4 variable MDRD equation and 61.0% for the Asian modified CKD-EPI equation [P = 0.001 and P = 0.02]).Conclusion
A new modified CKD-EPI equation for type 2 diabetic patients was developed and validated. The new modified equation improves the performance of GFR estimation. 相似文献93.
Hanpeng Huang Xiufeng Jiang Yanbin Dong Xiaofeng Zhang Ning Ding Jiannan Liu Sean Z. Hutchinson Gan Lu Xilong Zhang 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Background
Genioglossal dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia syndrome (OSAHS) characterized by nocturnal chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The pathophysiology of genioglossal dysfunction and possible targeted pharmacotherapy for alleviation of genioglossal injury in CIH require further investigation.Methodology/Principal Findings
Rats in the control group were exposed to normal air, while rats in the CIH group and CIH+adiponectin (AD) group were exposed to the same CIH condition (CIH 8 hr/day for 5 successive weeks). Furthermore, rats in CIH+AD group were administrated intravenous AD supplementation at the dosage of 10 µg, twice a week for 5 consecutive weeks. We found that CIH-induced genioglossus (GG) injury was correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in the numbers of mitochondrias, impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure, and a reduction in type I fibers. Compared with the CIH group, impaired mitochondrial structure and function was significantly improved and a percentage of type I fiber was elevated in the CIH+AD group. Moreover, compared with the control group, the rats’ GG in the CIH group showed a significant decrease in phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and PGC1-α, whereas there was significant rescue of such reduction in phosphorylation within the CIH+AD group.Conclusions
CIH exposure reduces mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs mitochondrial function in GG, while AD supplementation increases mitochondrial contents and alleviates CIH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction possibly through the AMPK pathway. 相似文献94.
Chen Chuanhui Peng Shanshan Li Penghui Ma Lin Gan Xin 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2020,467(1-2):15-25
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - An increasing amount of research showed that endothelial cells (ECs) play crucial role in vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis (AS). LncRNA OIP5-AS1 and... 相似文献
95.
Zekun Huang Wanlong Huang Xiaolin Liu Zhaofang Han Guangjian Liu Grace Afumwaa Boamah Yi Wang Feng Yu Yang Gan Qizhen Xiao Xuan Luo Nan Chen Meng Liu Weiwei You Caihuan Ke 《Molecular ecology resources》2022,22(1):15-27
The nautilus, commonly known as a “living fossil,” is endangered and may be at risk of extinction. The lack of genomic information hinders a thorough understanding of its biology and evolution, which can shed light on the conservation of this endangered species. Here, we report the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of Nautilus pompilius. The assembled genome size comprised 785.15 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that transposable elements (TEs) and large-scale genome reorganizations may have driven lineage-specific evolution in the cephalopods. Remarkably, evolving conserved genes and recent TE insertion activities were identified in N. pompilius, and we speculate that these findings reflect the strong adaptability and long-term survival of the nautilus. We also identified gene families that are potentially responsible for specific adaptation and evolution events. Our study provides unprecedented insights into the specialized biology and evolution of N. pompilius, and the results serve as an important resource for future conservation genomics of the nautilus and closely related species. 相似文献
96.
Diana A. Robledo-Ruiz Alexandra Pavlova Rohan H. Clarke Michael J. L. Magrath Bruce Quin Katherine A. Harrisson Han Ming Gan Gabriel W. Low Paul Sunnucks 《Molecular ecology resources》2022,22(1):239-253
Conservation breeding management aims to reduce inbreeding and maximize the retention of genetic diversity in endangered populations. However, breeding management of wild populations is still rare, and there is a need for approaches that provide data-driven evidence of the likelihood of success of alternative in situ strategies. Here, we provide an analytical framework that uses in silico simulations to evaluate, for real wild populations, (i) the degree of population-level inbreeding avoidance, (ii) the genetic quality of mating pairs, and (iii) the potential genetic benefits of implementing two breeding management strategies. The proposed strategies aim to improve the genetic quality of breeding pairs by splitting detrimental pairs and allowing the members to re-pair in different ways. We apply the framework to the wild population of the Critically Endangered helmeted honeyeater by combining genomic data and field observations to estimate the inbreeding (i.e., pair-kinship) and genetic quality (i.e., Mate Suitability Index) of all mating pairs for seven consecutive breeding seasons. We found no evidence of population-level inbreeding avoidance and that ~91.6% of breeding pairs were detrimental to the genetic health of the population. Furthermore, the framework revealed that neither proposed management strategy would significantly improve the genetic quality or reduce inbreeding of the mating pairs in this population. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of our analytical framework for testing the efficacy of different in situ breeding management strategies and for making evidence-based management decisions. 相似文献
97.
Yi Feng Jing Liu Longmei Zhai Zengyu Gan Guifen Zhang Shuhua Yang Yi Wang Ting Wu Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu Zhenhai Han 《Plant, cell & environment》2019,42(2):424-436
Plants experiencing salt‐induced stress often reduce cytokinin levels during the early phases of stress‐response. Interestingly, we found that the cytokinin content in the apple rootstock “robusta” was maintained at a high level under salt stress. Through screening genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and catabolism, we found that the high expression levels of IPT5b in robusta roots were involved in maintaining the high cytokinin content. We identified a 42 bp deletion in the promoter region of IPT5b, which elevated IPT5b expression levels, and this deletion was linked to salt tolerance in robusta×M.9 segregating population. The 42 bp deletion resulted in the deletion of a Proline Response Element (ProRE), and our results suggest that ProRE negatively regulates IPT5b expression in response to proline. Under salt stress, the robusta cultivar maintains high cytokinin levels as IPT5b expression cannot be inhibited by proline due to the deletion of ProRE, leading to improve salt tolerance. 相似文献
98.
用~(14)C-Pro和~3H_2-Tyr离体暗培养黄瓜子叶,发现细胞质、SECW和RCW中的Hyp/Pro和Idt/Tyr都随时间呈线性增加。这两种比值后两者高于前者,而两种比值增加速度之比在胞质部分最大、RCW中最小。表明在胞质和胞壁中都有Pro羟化和Tyr异联化过程,但羟化作用主要发生在胞质中,异联化主要在RCW中。 理化处理(高渗溶液和CHM)和放射性示踪证明胞质中存在HRGP库;它被分泌到胞壁后,先以离子键与壁结合,后转变为共价键与壁结合的伸展素。 相似文献
99.
Jiong Wang Liyong Gan Qianwen Zhang Vikas Reddu Yuecheng Peng Zhichao Liu Xinghua Xia Cheng Wang Xin Wang 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(3)
A structurally simple molecular 1,10‐phenanthroline‐Cu complex on a mesostructured graphene matrix that can be active and selective toward CO2 reduction over H2 evolution in an aqueous solution is reported. The active sites consist of Cu(I) center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, which enables the adsorption of CO2 with η1‐COO‐like configuration to commence the catalysis, with a turnover frequency of ≈45 s?1 at ?1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Using in situ infrared spectroelectrochemical investigation, it is demonstrated that the Cu complex can be reversibly heterogenized near the graphene surface via potential control. An increase of electron density in the complex is observed as a result of the interaction from the electric field, which further tunes the electron distribution in the neighboring CO2. It is also found that the mesostructure of graphene matrix favored CO2 reduction on the Cu center over hydrogen evolution by limiting mass transport from the bulk solution to the electrode surface. 相似文献
100.