全文获取类型
收费全文 | 137496篇 |
免费 | 4004篇 |
国内免费 | 4538篇 |
专业分类
146038篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 121篇 |
2023年 | 599篇 |
2022年 | 1430篇 |
2021年 | 2555篇 |
2020年 | 1627篇 |
2019年 | 2053篇 |
2018年 | 13396篇 |
2017年 | 11712篇 |
2016年 | 9139篇 |
2015年 | 3434篇 |
2014年 | 3685篇 |
2013年 | 3976篇 |
2012年 | 8313篇 |
2011年 | 16185篇 |
2010年 | 14038篇 |
2009年 | 9991篇 |
2008年 | 11988篇 |
2007年 | 13266篇 |
2006年 | 2161篇 |
2005年 | 2064篇 |
2004年 | 2293篇 |
2003年 | 2171篇 |
2002年 | 1810篇 |
2001年 | 1120篇 |
2000年 | 920篇 |
1999年 | 818篇 |
1998年 | 490篇 |
1997年 | 497篇 |
1996年 | 449篇 |
1995年 | 399篇 |
1994年 | 415篇 |
1993年 | 349篇 |
1992年 | 390篇 |
1991年 | 338篇 |
1990年 | 253篇 |
1989年 | 223篇 |
1988年 | 175篇 |
1987年 | 136篇 |
1986年 | 109篇 |
1985年 | 101篇 |
1984年 | 87篇 |
1983年 | 80篇 |
1982年 | 45篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 246篇 |
1971年 | 274篇 |
1965年 | 15篇 |
1962年 | 24篇 |
1944年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Guno Haskå 《Microbial ecology》1975,1(1):234-245
Myxobacteria presumably produce extracellular bacteriolytic enzymes when they are growing in soil. In order to study their ecological significance, adsorption experiments were performed with lytic enzymes produced byMyxococcus virescens in casitone media. Different soils as well as montmorillonite and kaolinite can rapidly adsorb the bacteriolytic but not the proteolytic enzymes. About 1 gm of montmorillonite per liter of cell-free culture solution is enough for the adsorption of 97% of the bacteriolytic enzymes. The adsorption per unit weight is about 100 times greater on montmorillonite than on kaolinite. About 40% of the adsorbed enzymes can be eluted with solutions of high pH or high ionic strength. The only desorbed bacteriolytic enzyme is the alanyl-∈-N-lysine endopeptidase. 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
对蛋白质热稳定性的研究是解析蛋白高级结构,开发蛋白功能及新药物研发过程中的一个重要环节,是对其结构分析的一个重要关切点.观测蛋白质的圆二色光谱随温度程序变化而改变是研究其热稳定性的常用手段,传统的实验方法为选用某一单波长作为测试点,通过连续升温测试蛋白在单波长下的圆二色变温曲线,然后拟合出Tm值,此方法所得的信息有限,... 相似文献
105.
106.
Qingwei Tian Jingting Wu Haifeng Xu Zhangli Hu Yangao Huo Liyan Wang 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(6)
The discovery of reduced flavin mononucleotide and fatty aldehydes as essential factors of light emission facilitated study of bacterial luminescence. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial luminescence have been studied for more than 60 years, the structure of the bacterial fatty acid reductase complex remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the Photobacterium phosphoreum fatty acid reductase complex LuxC–LuxE to a resolution of 2.79 Å. We show that the active site Lys238/Arg355 pair of LuxE is >30 Å from the active site Cys296 of LuxC, implying that catalysis relies on a large conformational change. Furthermore, mutagenesis and biochemical experiments support that the L-shaped cleft inside LuxC plays an important role in substrate binding and reaction. We obtained a series of mutants with significantly improved activity as measured by in vitro bioluminescence assays and demonstrated that the double mutant W111A/F483K displayed the highest activity (370% of the WT). Our results indicated that the activity of LuxC significantly affects the bacterial bioluminescence reaction. Finally, we expressed this mutated lux operon in Escherichia coli but observed that the in vivo concentrations of ATP and NADPH limited the enzyme activity; thus, we conclude that the luminous intensity mainly depends on the level of metabolic energy. 相似文献
107.
A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometr... 相似文献
108.
Bingqing Xia Xurui Shen Yang He Xiaoyan Pan Feng-Liang Liu Yi Wang Feipu Yang Sui Fang Yan Wu Zilei Duan Xiaoli Zuo Zhuqing Xie Xiangrui Jiang Ling Xu Hao Chi Shuangqu Li Qian Meng Hu Zhou Yubo Zhou Xi Cheng Xiaoming Xin Lin Jin Hai-Lin Zhang Dan-Dan Yu Ming-Hua Li Xiao-Li Feng Jiekai Chen Hualiang Jiang Gengfu Xiao Yong-Tang Zheng Lei-Ke Zhang Jingshan Shen Jia Li Zhaobing Gao 《Cell research》2021,31(8):847-860
Cytokine storm and multi-organ failure are the main causes of SARS-CoV-2-related death. However, the origin of excessive damages caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains largely unknown. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (2-E) protein alone is able to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like damages in vitro and in vivo. 2-E proteins were found to form a type of pH-sensitive cation channels in bilayer lipid membranes. As observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, heterologous expression of 2-E channels induced rapid cell death in various susceptible cell types and robust secretion of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Intravenous administration of purified 2-E protein into mice caused ARDS-like pathological damages in lung and spleen. A dominant negative mutation lowering 2-E channel activity attenuated cell death and SARS-CoV-2 production. Newly identified channel inhibitors exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and excellent cell protective activity in vitro and these activities were positively correlated with inhibition of 2-E channel. Importantly, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of the channel inhibitor effectively reduced both the viral load and secretion of inflammation cytokines in lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2). Our study supports that 2-E is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2.Subject terms: Cell death, Molecular biology 相似文献
109.
Qiang Lv Shuang Han Lei Wang Jinchan Xia Peng Li Ruoyang Hu Jinzheng Wang Lei Gao Yuli Chen Yu Wang Jing Du Fang Bao Yong Hu Xingzhi Xu Wei Xiao Yikun He 《Nucleic acids research》2022,50(12):6820
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key player in numerous physiological processes. Excessive NO induces DNA damage, but how plants respond to this damage remains unclear. We screened and identified an Arabidopsis NO hypersensitive mutant and found it to be allelic to TEBICHI/POLQ, encoding DNA polymerase θ. The teb mutant plants were preferentially sensitive to NO- and its derivative peroxynitrite-induced DNA damage and subsequent double-strand breaks (DSBs). Inactivation of TEB caused the accumulation of spontaneous DSBs largely attributed to endogenous NO and was synergistic to DSB repair pathway mutations with respect to growth. These effects were manifested in the presence of NO-inducing agents and relieved by NO scavengers. NO induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in the teb mutant, indicative of stalled replication forks. Genetic analyses indicate that Polθ is required for translesion DNA synthesis across NO-induced lesions, but not oxidation-induced lesions. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that Polθ bypasses NO-induced base adducts in an error-free manner and generates mutations characteristic of Polθ-mediated end joining. Our experimental data collectively suggests that Polθ plays dual roles in protecting plants from NO-induced DNA damage. Since Polθ is conserved in higher eukaryotes, mammalian Polθ may also be required for balancing NO physiological signaling and genotoxicity. 相似文献
110.