基于pDS132的基因敲除中创伤弧菌氯霉素的耐药性变化及影响

【背景】基于自杀载体的基因敲除在单基因敲除上的应用较为常见,但在多基因敲除过程中细菌耐药性的变化及对后续敲除的影响尚未明确。【目的】探究基于自杀载体pDS132的创伤弧菌vvhA与rtxA1双基因敲除株构建过程中,创伤弧菌对氯霉素耐药性的变化及对后续基因敲除的影响。【方法】基于自杀载体pDS132的同源重组法构建创伤弧菌YJ016的单基因敲除株YJ016-ΔvvhA、YJ016-ΔrtxA1和双基因敲除株YJ016-ΔvvhAΔrtxA1,记录单交换筛选时的氯霉素浓度与筛选平板上成功重组的菌株所占比例。琼脂稀释法测定野生型与敲除株的氯霉素最低抑菌浓度(Minimum InhibitoryConcentration,MIC)和抗性突变频率,纸片扩散法测定菌株对其他药物的敏感性,分析其对单交换筛选的影响。【结果】单基因敲除株的氯霉素MIC及氯霉素抗性突变频率高于野生型;双基因敲除株的庆大霉素抑菌圈直径小于野生型。单基因敲除时,单交换重组菌株的占比为100%(20/20);在YJ016-ΔvvhA上敲除rtxA1基因,氯霉素筛选浓度为2、4μg/mL时,单交换重组菌株的占比分别为40%(8/20)、5%(1/20);在YJ016-ΔrtxA1上敲除vvhA基因,氯霉素筛选浓度为2、4μg/mL时,单交换重组菌株的占比均为0%(0/20)。【结论】基于自杀载体pDS132的基因敲除中创伤弧菌氯霉素的耐药性升高,可能影响后续单交换重组的筛选,该结果为基于自杀载体的同源重组技术应用于多基因敲除提供了参考。     

溶藻弧菌群体基因组学研究

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)是一种能够对人类以及鱼、虾、贝类等水产品致病的弧菌,给人类健康带来威胁,也给水产养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。目前该物种基于全基因组的遗传多样性和重要遗传元件研究报道较少。本研究对采集自全国4个省份的68株溶藻弧菌进行高通量测序,获得全基因组序列,并结合113株公开发表的全球序列数据,利用fineSTRUCTURE软件、VFDB毒力因子库和CARD、ResFinder耐药数据库,对溶藻弧菌的种群结构和毒力、耐药因子分别进行解析。结果表明:溶藻弧菌可分为谱系1和谱系2。两个谱系在美洲和亚洲均有分布,但欧洲仅分离到谱系1菌株;共鉴定发现12个克隆群,其中一个克隆群内菌株存在跨洋传播现象。该物种携带tlh、OmpU、IlpA等多种不同功能的毒力因子;毒力因子在两个谱系间的分布无特异性,但存在地域间差异:其中欧洲菌株携带VP1611、vcrD、vopD和fleR/flrC的比率低于其他地区,而基因IlpA的携带率则明显高于其他地区,我国广西菌株中fleR/flrC基因携带率低于其他省份,且不携带IlpA。多个基因组携带blaCARB-42、tet(34)、tet(35)、parE、CRP、rsmA、TxR和fos等与多种抗生素耐受相关的基因,其中TxR和fos基因在谱系2中的出现频率远高于谱系1;此外,TxR基因在亚洲菌株中的携带率高于美洲和欧洲地区,而在我国四川菌株中的携带率则低于其他省份。在5个基因组中(VA24、VA28、2014V-1011、ZJ-T和Vb1833)观察到质粒或ICE等携带多种耐药基因的大片段。本研究通过群体基因组学的研究方法,揭示了溶藻弧菌的种群结构组成和毒力、耐药相关元件的分布,为进一步了解溶藻弧菌的遗传特征和致病机制提供必要基础,为该病原的监测、预防和控制工作提供科学支撑。     

Serum exosome-derived biomarkers for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Blood exosomes help regulate communication between tumour cells, moderating their behaviour. We sought to determine the protein content in serum exosomes...     

Protective Effect of Piceatannol Against Cerebral Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury Via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway In Vivo and Vitro

Neurochemical Research - Piceatannol is a natural plant-derived compound with protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect on cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury...     

Platycodin D Inhibits β-Amyloid-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Cells Via Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Neurochemical Research - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Platycodin D (PLD), a...     

Plasticity of symbiont acquisition in new recruits of the massive coral Platygyra daedalea under ocean warming and acidification

Coral Reefs - Symbiosis establishment is a milestone in the life cycles of most broadcast-spawning corals; however, it remains largely unknown how initial symbiont infection is affected by ocean...     

Ultra‐Conserved Elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea)

Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches have promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be paid to potential analytical bias. We present the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Chalcididae, a group of parasitoid wasps, with a representative sampling (144 ingroups and seven outgroups) that covers all described subfamilies and tribes, and 82% of the known genera. Analyses of 538 Ultra‐Conserved Elements (UCEs) with supermatrix (RAx ML and IQTREE) and gene tree reconciliation approaches (ASTRAL, ASTRID) resulted in highly supported topologies in overall agreement with morphology but reveal conflicting topologies for some of the deepest nodes. To resolve these conflicts, we explored the phylogenetic tree space with clustering and gene genealogy interrogation methods, analyzed marker and taxon properties that could bias inferences and performed a thorough morphological analysis (130 characters encoded for 40 taxa representative of the diversity). This joint analysis reveals that UCEs enable attainment of resolution between ancestry and convergent/divergent evolution when morphology is not informative enough, but also shows that a systematic exploration of bias with different analytical methods and a careful analysis of morphological features is required to prevent publication of artifactual results. We highlight a GC content bias for maximum‐likelihood approaches, an artifactual mid‐point rooting of the ASTRAL tree and a deleterious effect of high percentage of missing data (>85% missing UCEs) on gene tree reconciliation methods. Based on the results we propose a new classification of the family into eight subfamilies and ten tribes that lay the foundation for future studies on the evolutionary history of Chalcididae.