The evaluation of chorionic membrane in guided tissue regeneration for periodontal pocket therapy: a clinical and radiographic study

Periodontal regenerative therapy is aimed at reconstruction and to restore the architecture and function of lost or injured tissues. Melcher (J Periodontol 47(5):256–260, 1976) introduced the concept of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for osseous reconstructive surgery. The aim of the present innovative clinical and radiographic study was to evaluate the effect of chorionic membrane (CM) in GTR in periodontal pocket therapy. Ten patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected in the single blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were treated with periodontal pocket therapy along with CM in study sites and the control sites were treated with periodontal pocket therapy alone. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 12 months. The radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket probing depth (PPD) and relative attachment level (RAL). Digital images were analysed for bone gain (BG) and density. Data were evaluated using t test. Statistical significant differences were found in both sites at 12 months for GI, PI, PPD and RAL. Highly significant reduction was seen in GI 0.40 ± 0.08 (p = 0.0001), PI (0.41 ± 0.18), PPD 2.50 ± 0.53 mm (p = 0.0431) and increased BG 0.86 ± 0.18 (p < 0.0001) were observed in study sites. This shows that CM when used with pocket therapy can have influence on clinical parameters. Radiographic findings from this study demonstrated significant BG and density in sites treated with CM as compared to control sites.     

Enhancing gingival biotype through chorion membrane with innovative step in periodontal pocket therapy

A thick gingival biotype is a requisite for good periodontal health. It has important role in resisting trauma and subsequent gingival recession. The gingival thickness is a significant predictor of clinical outcome of periodontal surgeries. Various surgical procedures are used to increase the gingival thickness. The present study incorporated the innovative step of placement of chorion membrane to objectively evaluate the increase in thickness of gingival biotype during periodontal pocket therapy. The patients in age group between 25 and 45 years with chronic periodontitis, indicated for flap surgery were selected for the study. The sites with pocket depth of 6–8 mm in the mandibular anterior teeth were divided into test and control sites. Periodontal flap surgery was carried at both the sites and chorion membrane was placed at the test sites. The gingival thickness measurement was assessed using a markings marked on injection needle, these markings were read using digital vernier caliper, pre and post operatively. The baseline values of gingival thickness at test site (1.04 ± 0.19 at mid buccal region, 1.24 ± 0.20 at mid papillary) and control site (0.94 ± 0.11 at mid buccal region, 1.14 ± 0.11 at mid papillary region) showed no statistically significant difference. At test sites, 6 weeks post treatment (1.36 ± 0.16 at mid buccal region and 1.48 ± 0.17 at mid papillary region) as compared to control sites (1.06 ± 0.11 at mid buccal region, 1.24 ± 0.11 at mid papillary) showed statistically significant increase in gingival thickness (p ≤ 0.05*). The innovative step of placement of chorion membrane during periodontal pocket therapy facilitated increase in the gingival thickness in the areas with thin gingival biotype.     

Cell elongation is an adaptive response for clearing long chromatid arms from the cleavage plane

Chromosome segregation must be coordinated with cell cleavage to ensure correct transmission of the genome to daughter cells. Here we identify a novel mechanism by which Drosophila melanogaster neuronal stem cells coordinate sister chromatid segregation with cleavage furrow ingression. Cells adapted to a dramatic increase in chromatid arm length by transiently elongating during anaphase/telophase. The degree of cell elongation correlated with the length of the trailing chromatid arms and was concomitant with a slight increase in spindle length and an enlargement of the zone of cortical myosin distribution. Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (Pebble)–depleted cells failed to elongate during segregation of long chromatids. As a result, Pebble-depleted adult flies exhibited morphological defects likely caused by cell death during development. These studies reveal a novel pathway linking trailing chromatid arms and cortical myosin that ensures the clearance of chromatids from the cleavage plane at the appropriate time during cytokinesis, thus preserving genome integrity.     

Postmortem changes in the enzymes of gaba and glutamate metabolism in the cerebellum and forebrain of newborn and adult rats

Postmortem changes in the activity of GDH, GAD, GABA-T, and GS in the adult forebrain and cerebellum and in the forebrain of newborns have been investigated. The activities of GDH, GAD, and GS were stable till 12 hr after death in both adult and young brain regions studied. The activity of GABA-T was stable till 30 min postmortem, but declined progressively thereafter in both regions in adult, as well as in young forebrain.     

Isolation and properties of a lectin from the seeds ofMimosa invisa L.

A lectin has been purified from the seeds ofMimosa invisa L. by gel filtration and preparative Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified lectin was homogeneous as judged by analytical Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight is 100,000; the protein is a tetramer with two types of subunits (molecular weight 35,000 and 15,000). The lectin is a glycoprotein with approximately 21% carbohydrate and interacts with Sephadex and concanavalin A-Sepharose. It agglutinates erthrocytes non-specifically, does not agglutinate leucocytes and is not mitogenic, agglutinates Mimosa-nodulatingRhizobium and is a panagglutinin; the agglutination is not inhibited by several simple sugars. It is thermo-stable and has no metal ions.     

Early Undernutrition and [3H]γ-Aminobutyric Acid Binding in Rat Brain

The effect of early undernutrition and dietary rehabilitation on [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) binding in rat brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus was examined. Undernourished animals were obtained by exposing their mothers to a protein-deficient diet during both gestation and lactation. Saturation analysis of [3H]GABA binding in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed high- and low-affinity components in the undernourished group, whereas control animals possessed only a low-affinity site. The concentration of low-affinity binding sites was greater in the undernourished animals. Rehabilitation of undernourished animals completely abolished the binding site differences. Treatment of brain membranes with Triton X-100 yielded two binding components in both the undernourished and control animals, although the concentration of lower affinity sites was still greater in the undernourished group. Neither the efficacy nor the potency of GABA to activate benzodiazepine binding in cerebral cortex was modified by undernutrition. These data suggest that early undernourishment modifies the characteristics of [3H]GABA binding, perhaps by reducing the brain content of endogenous inhibitors of the higher affinity binding site. The lack of effect on GABA-activated benzodiazepine binding suggests the possibility that neither the high- nor the low-affinity GABA binding sites are coupled to this receptor component.     

Innovative use of increasing the width of attached gingiva using chorion membrane along with platelet rich fibrin membrane

Width of attached gingiva plays an important role in maintaining periodontal health, provides stabilization of the gingival margin against frictional forces and aids in dissipating physiological forces exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa on the gingival tissues. Inadequate width of attached gingiva leads to attachment loss, soft tissue recession, and impedes oral hygiene measures. Hence, procedures using autografts and allografts have been proposed to augment the attached gingiva. Allografts like chorionic membrane (CM) are known to enhance release of growth factors, promote neovascularization, healing and enhance biotype. To assess the efficacy of CM in increasing the width of attached gingiva, vestibular depth and gingival thickness. Fifteen patients with inadequate attached gingival width were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to each group: Control group, CM group and CM?+?platelet rich fibrin (PRF) group. Attached gingiva width, vestibular depth, and gingival thickness were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post procedure. The control, CM and CM?+?PRF groups showed an increase in all parameters from baseline to 4 weeks. The increase in the attached gingiva (p?=?0.042) width, vestibular depth (p?=?0.043) and gingival thickness (p?=?0.034) were statistically significant at 4 weeks for CM group and CM?+?PRF group respectively. The CM?+?PRF group showed better results compared to other groups. CM and PRF can be effectively incorporated to increase the width of attached gingiva and depth of vestibule.