排序方式: 共有109条查询结果,搜索用时 172 毫秒
71.
5-lipoxygenase and atherosclerosis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: 5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) was recently identified as a gene that makes an important contribution to atherosclerosis in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains unknown. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies of the 5LO pathway in other disease areas suggest that 5LO could contribute to atherosclerosis at different levels, such as lesion initiation, growth and cellular proliferation within the lesion, and/or destabilization of plaques that can lead to their rupture. SUMMARY: Recent advances in our understanding of how 5LO is involved in the atherosclerotic process will have important implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the future. 相似文献
72.
An astrocytic basis of epilepsy 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Tian GF Azmi H Takano T Xu Q Peng W Lin J Oberheim N Lou N Wang X Zielke HR Kang J Nedergaard M 《Nature medicine》2005,11(9):973-981
Hypersynchronous neuronal firing is a hallmark of epilepsy, but the mechanisms underlying simultaneous activation of multiple neurons remains unknown. Epileptic discharges are in part initiated by a local depolarization shift that drives groups of neurons into synchronous bursting. In an attempt to define the cellular basis for hypersynchronous bursting activity, we studied the occurrence of paroxysmal depolarization shifts after suppressing synaptic activity using tetrodotoxin (TTX) and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel blockers. Here we report that paroxysmal depolarization shifts can be initiated by release of glutamate from extrasynaptic sources or by photolysis of caged Ca(2+) in astrocytes. Two-photon imaging of live exposed cortex showed that several antiepileptic agents, including valproate, gabapentin and phenytoin, reduced the ability of astrocytes to transmit Ca(2+) signaling. Our results show an unanticipated key role for astrocytes in seizure activity. As such, these findings identify astrocytes as a proximal target for the treatment of epileptic disorders. 相似文献
73.
Zymovars analysis also known as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis is applied here to investigate the genetic variation of Vibrio cholerae strains and characterise strains or group of strains of medical and epidemiological interest. Fourteen loci were analyzed in 171 strains of non-O1 non-O139, 32 classical and 61 El Tor from America, Africa, Europe and Asia. The mean genetic diversity was 0.339. It is shown that the same O antigen (both O1 and non-O1) may be present in several genetically diverse (different zymovars) strains. Conversely the same zymovar may contain more than one serogroup. It is confirmed that the South American epidemic strain differs from the 7th pandemic El Tor strain in locus LAP (leucyl leucyl aminopeptidase). Here it is shown that this rare allele is present in 1 V. mimicus and 4 non-O1 V. cholerae. Non toxigenic O1 strains from South India epidemic share zymovar 14A with the epidemic El Tor from the 7th pandemic, while another group have diverse zymovars. The sucrose negative epidemic strains isolated in French Guiana and Brazil have the same zymovar of the current American epidemic V. cholerae. 相似文献
74.
Moghadam HK Poissant J Fotherby H Haidle L Ferguson MM Danzmann RG 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2007,277(6):647-661
In salmonid fishes, life-history changes may often be coupled to early individual growth trajectories. We identified quantitative
trait loci (QTL) for body weight (BW), condition factor (K) and age at sexual maturation (MT) in two full-sib families of
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to ascertain if QTL for MT were confounded with BW QTL intervals. Three significant QTL for BW, three QTL for MT and one
significant QTL for K were identified. A BW QTL with major effect was localized to linkage group 8 (AC-8) and explained more
than 34% of the phenotypic variation. Markers on AC-8 have previously been identified as being associated with variation in
fork length and BW in this species. Similarly, a major QTL (PEV = 23%) with an influence on the female MT was localized to
AC-23. Some of these regions are homologous to those in the genomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo
salar), where similar QTL effects have been detected. Our results also suggest the conservation of MT QTL on the homeologous linkage
group pair AC-3/24 in Arctic charr. We further identified chromosomal regions that harbor QTL for multiple traits. In particular,
markers on AC-4, -20 and -36 had detectable QTL for all traits studied. Significant MT QTL detected on AC-23, -24, and -27
were autonomous of any BW QTL regions, suggesting that the regulation of MT may be more independent of BW control within this
species than in other species of salmonids. 相似文献
75.
Hooman Yadollahi-Farsani Erik Scougal Marcus Herrmann Wei Wei David Frakes Brian Chong 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2019,22(11):961-971
Conventional approaches of implementing computational fluid dynamics to study aneurysmal hemodynamics after treatment with a flow diverter stent are computationally expensive. Cumbersome meshing and lengthy simulation runtimes are common. To address these issues, we present a novel volume penalization method that considers flow diverters as heterogeneous porous media. The proposed model requires a considerably smaller number of mesh elements, leading to faster simulation runtimes. Three patient-specific aneurysms were virtually treated with flow diverters and aneurysmal hemodynamics were simulated. The results of the virtual deployments including aneurysmal hemodynamics were compared to corresponding results from conventional approaches. The comparisons showed that the proposed approach led to 9.12 times increase in the speed of simulations on average. Further, aneurysmal kinetic energy and inflow rate metrics for the proposed approach were consistent with those from conventional approaches, differing on average by 3.52% and 3.78%, respectively. 相似文献
76.
Mendoza G Pemberton TJ Lee K Scarel-Caminaga R Mehrian-Shai R Gonzalez-Quevedo C Ninis V Hartiala J Allayee H Snead ML Leal SM Line SR Patel PI 《Human genetics》2007,120(5):653-662
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective term used to describe phenotypically diverse forms of defective tooth enamel
development. AI has been reported to exhibit a variety of inheritance patterns, and several loci have been identified that
are associated with AI. We have performed a genome-wide scan in a large Brazilian family segregating an autosomal dominant
form of AI and mapped a novel locus to 8q24.3. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.5 was obtained at marker D8S2334 (146,101,309 bp).
The disease locus lies in a 1.9 cM (2.1 Mb) region according to the Rutgers Combined Linkage-Physical map, between a VNTR
marker (at 143,988,705 bp) and the telomere (146,274,826 bp). Ten candidate genes were identified based on gene ontology and
microarray-facilitated gene selection using the expression of murine orthologues in dental tissue, and examined for the presence
of a mutation. However, no causative mutation was identified. 相似文献
77.
Hadj-esfandiari N Navidpour L Shadnia H Amini M Samadi N Faramarzi MA Shafiee A 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(22):6354-6363
A new series of (Z)-2-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-ylmethylene)-3(2H)-benzofuranones (11a-p) and (Z)-2-(1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-5-ylmethylene)-3(2H)-benzofuranones (12a-m) were synthesized and assayed for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the 5-nitroimidazole analogues (11a-p) showed a remarkable inhibition of a wide spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, MRSA, and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas 4-nitroimidazole analogues (12a-m) were not effective against selected bacteria. The quantitative structure-activity relationship investigations were applied to find out the correlation between the experimentally evaluated activities with various parameters of the compounds studied. The QSAR models built in this work had reasonable predictive power and could be explained by the observed trends in activities. 相似文献
78.
B lymphocyte-directed immunotherapy promotes long-term islet allograft survival in nonhuman primates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Liu C Noorchashm H Sutter JA Naji M Prak EL Boyer J Green T Rickels MR Tomaszewski JE Koeberlein B Wang Z Paessler ME Velidedeoglu E Rostami SY Yu M Barker CF Naji A 《Nature medicine》2007,13(11):1295-1298
We found that an induction immunotherapy regimen consisting of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin) and the monoclonal antibody to CD20 rituximab (Rituxan) promoted long-term islet allograft survival in cynomolgus macaques maintained on rapamycin monotherapy. B lymphocyte reconstitution after rituximab-mediated depletion was characterized by a preponderance of immature and transitional cells, whose persistence was associated with long-term islet allograft survival. Development of donor-specific alloantibodies was abrogated only in the setting of continued rapamycin monotherapy. 相似文献
79.
Jiarui He Amruth Bhargav Hooman Yaghoobnejad Asl Yuanfu Chen Arumugam Manthiram 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(23)
The practical viability of Li–S cells depends on achieving high electrochemical utilization of sulfur under realistic conditions, such as high sulfur loading and low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio. Here, metallic 2D 1T′‐ReS2 nanosheets in situ grown on 1D carbon nanotubes (ReS2@CNT) via a facile hydrothermal reaction are presented to efficiently suppress the “polysulfide shuttle” and promote lithium polysulfide (LiPS) redox reactions. The designed ReS2@CNT nanoarchitecture with high conductivity and rich nanoporosity not only facilitates electron transfer and ion diffusion, but also possesses abundant active sites providing high catalytic activity for efficient LiPS conversion. Li–S cells fabricated with ReS2@CNT exhibit high capacity with superior long‐term cyclability with a capacity retention of 71.7% over 1000 cycles even at a high current density of 1C (1675 mA g?1). Also, pouch cells fabricated with the ReS2@CNT/S cathode maintain a low capacity fade rate of 0.22% per cycle. Furthermore, the electrocatalysis mechanism is revealed based on electrochemical studies, theoretical calculations, and in situ Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献
80.
Salsalate treatment improves glycemia without altering adipose tissue in nondiabetic obese hispanics 下载免费PDF全文