石灰性土壤上植物根际中Fe,Mn的形态分布及其与植物吸收的关系

研究了石灰性土壤上５种作物品种根际微生态环境中Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ的形态分布．结果表明,交换态Ｆｅ（ＥＸ－Ｆｅ）、碳酸盐结合态Ｆｅ（ＣＡＲＢ－Ｆｅ）、无定形氧化铁（ＡＯ－Ｆｅ）和交换态Ｍｎ（Ｅ－Ｍｎ）、碳酸盐结合态Ｍｎ（ＣＡＲＢ－Ｍｎ）在根际土壤中都呈现明显的累积．各品种根际中的累积量有较大差异．相关分析表明,黄潮土上植株含Ｆｅ量、吸Ｆｅ量与根际土壤ＡＯ－Ｆｅ含量呈显著正相关．根际有效态Ｆｅ累积不仅是根际ｐＨ作用的结果,与根系分泌物对难溶性Ｆｅ活化有关．根际有效态Ｍｎ累积则受到根际土壤Ｅｈ的影响．     

利用离体诱变技术选育小麦大粒种质的研究

以鲁麦１２等为材料进行幼层培养,转分化前辐照１０００ｒａｄ,在Ｒ２代调查千粒重变异情况,结果表明,后代千粒重发生了显著变化,变异范围为３９．５—６８．５ｇ．突变率高达６３．０８％,最高千粒重超过对照４０．９５％。已选出一批大粒材料应用于生产．其中核生二号新品种千粒重６５ｇ,杂交后代表明,大粒变异多为显性突变。     

灰茶尺蛾核型多角体病毒某些生化特性的研究

灰茶尺蛾核型多角体病毒某些生化特性的研究李彦章,石正丽,陈棣华（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）关键词灰茶尺蛾,核型多角体病毒,结构多肽,限制性内切酶图谱灰茶尺蛾核型多角体病毒（Ｅｃｔｒｏｐｉｓｇｒｉｓｅｓｃｅｎｓｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈ...     

KM－1d突变株小鼠的模型建立及遗传分析

在饲养经剖腹产净化后的ＫＭ种群时,我们发现了一些后肢畸形的动物、通过挑选后已成为一个稳定遗传的突变株,由于此群体产生的后代１００％均为后肢畸形动物,因此可以认定为１ｄ／１ｄ纯合子动物。命名为ＫＭ—１ｄ小鼠。将ＫＭ－１ｄ纯合子动物与近交系ＤＢＡ／２小鼠杂交得到Ｆ１代,再经Ｆ１代互交或与双亲回交。通过对后代的形态学观察及遗传方式的分析,证明为常染色体隐性单基因遗传。另外,对１３８只ＫＭ－１ｄ畸形小鼠进行解剖观察还发现有４２％的动物在骨骼畸形的同时伴有左侧泌尿系统畸形。因此可以认定ＫＭ－１ｄ小鼠是一种患有骨－肾先天性畸形综合症的动物模型。     

DNA Fragmentation Induced by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Result in Target Cell Death

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis is accompanied by fragmentation of target cell DNA into an oligonucleosome ladder, a hallmark of apoptosis. Is this a fortuitous coincidence, or could CTL be inducing lysis by activation of the suicide signal? In this report we demonstrate that CTL-mediated target cell death can be blocked with the drug aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). The abrogation of death correlates with the inhibition of DNA fragmentation. While ATA prevented DNA fragmentation, it failed to significantly alter protein, RNA, or DNA synthesis in the cell lines over the dose range used. In addition, there was no inhibition of cell-cell interaction or granule exocytosis during CTL-mediated killing. ATA also significantly inhibited the cytolysis and DNA fragmentation mediated by isolated cytolytic granules, as well as the granular protein fragmentin. We developed an assay in which target cells could be separated from CTL after binding and programming for lysis. Once they had received the "kiss of death," target cells could be rescued from lysis (as indicated by inhibition of DNA fragmentation and increased target cell viability) by treatment with ATA. These results suggest that ATA blocks target cell death by inhibition of DNA fragmentation, and further, that chromatin degradation is a cause rather than a result of cell death in CTL-mediated lysis.     

复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间遗传异质性的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳,分析比较了４个不同的银鲫雌核发育系,红鲤和复合四倍体异育银鲫鳍的５种不同的同工酶及蛋白表型的差异,表明复合四倍体异育银鲫表型上的差异主要是来自银鲫种内的遗传差异（不同的雌核发育系）。来源于同一个银鲫雌核发育系的复合四倍体异育银鲫,个体间的ＥＳＴ同工酶出现差异,并与父体红鲤的ＥＳＴ同工酶的多态性相关,因此,复合四倍体异育银鲫个体间的异质性也包含了来自父本的遗传影响。在所检测     

黑叶猴和灰叶猴的线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态研究

本文以15种限制性内切酶分析黑叶猴和灰叶猴种内及种间mtDNA多态。从各个样品中分别检出了41—50个酶切位点。综合15种限制内酶的酶切类型,在2只黑叶猴和2只灰叶猴中分别检出了两种限制性类型,并与其4个地理来源相对应。结合恒河猴和红面猴的资料,构建了4种猴科动物的分子系统树。结果表明,黑叶猴和灰叶猴种内的分歧分别始于30和35万年以前,两种叶猴的分离始于190万年以前,猴亚科和疣猴亚科的分离应早于1100万年。叶猴属在中国的扩散不是很晚才发生的。     

Conformation and activity ofPhaseolus coccineus var. rubronanus lectin

The conformation of native and denaturedPhaseolus coccineus var. rubronanus lectin was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and correlated to the hemagglutinating activity. The far-UV CD spectrum at 25°C showed a broad, negative band around 223 nm and a positive one at 196 nm. CD data analysis of the lectin indicated a -sheet-rich protein. At high temperatures, the spectrum was blue-shifted with increasing magnitude; these changes correlated well with the loss of the activity. The conformation of lectin betweenpH 2 and 10 remained essentially unchanged. AtpH 13 the CD spectrum resembled that of unordered form with a negative band near 200 nm and the activity was completely lost. The denatured lectin in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride would be renatured upon diluting the denaturant to 0.75 M; the changes in CD spectrum again correlated well with the loss of the activity. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the lectin was drastic; it sharply increased thea-helix at the expense of the -sheet and reduced the activity; the changes reached a plateau above 20 mM surfactant.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以自制的壳聚糖作为载体,用戊二醛作交联剂,优化了固定化条件,研制成壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶。其活性回收率达到42—53％,操作半衰期达到一个月以上,对热、乙醇以及尿素的稳定性有很大的提高,Km值为0.67×10~2mg/mL,最适温度65—70℃,最适pH8.0,能使啤酒中的蛋白质浓度从56.5mg/L减少到2.7mg/L,可以消除啤酒的低温混浊现象。     

甲基毒死蜱对红细胞膜乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及其与膜脂相互关系

以人红细胞膜为材料,研究了甲基毒死蜱与膜上乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的相互作用及其与膜脂的关系。结果显示,甲基毒死蜱对人红细胞膜AChE有明显的抑制作用,与膜温育30min,其半数抑制浓度约为0.10 mmol/L。动力学分析表明,其抑制作用为非竞争性。0.2％Triton X-100并不改变AChE对甲基毒死蜱的敏感性,亦即AChE上甲基毒死蜱的作用部位与其所处的脂质微环境无关。