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321.
In Vivo Neutralization of Botulinum Neurotoxins Serotype E with Heavy-chain Camelid Antibodies (VHH)
Hamid Bakherad Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari Iraj Rasooli Masoumeh RajabiBazl Mohammad Mohammadi Walead Ebrahimizadeh Leila Safaee Ardakani Hamed Zare 《Molecular biotechnology》2013,55(2):159-167
Ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) results in botulism, a severe and frequent fatal disease known in the world. Current treatments rely on antitoxins, such as equine antitoxin and human botulism immunoglobulin. In some cases, side effects have been reported, including early anaphylactic shock and late serum sickness. Thus, diagnosis and treatment measure of BoNT are necessary and crucial. In the present study, a single-domain variable heavy-chain (VHH) antibody fragment was obtained from an immune dromedary phage display library against the putative binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E), a non-toxic 50-kDa fragment. The characteristics of nanobody VHH include excellent production, superior heat stability and specific binding capacity to soluble antigen without cross-reaction to other relevant or irrelevant antigens. A total of 150 ng/Kg of nanobody entirely neutralized 3LD50 of the BoNT/E in an in vivo challenge of the mice. This phenomenon indicates BoNT/E toxin neutralizing capacity of the produced nanobody. These results also suggest possession of unique properties by the nanobody applicable in diagnostics or therapeutic purposes. 相似文献
322.
Vahed SZ Forouhandeh H Hassanzadeh S Klenk HP Hejazi MA Hejazi MS 《Mikrobiologiia》2011,80(6):826-833
Urmia Lake is one of the most permanent hypersaline lakes in the world which is threatened by hypersalinity and serious dryness. In spite of its importance no paper has been published regarding bacterial community of this lake. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the halophilic bacteria in the aforementioned lake. In so doing, thirty seven strains were isolated on six different culture media. The isolated strains were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Growth of the strains occurred at 2535 degrees C, pH 6-9 and 7 to 20% (w/v) NaCl indicating that most of the isolates were moderately halophiles. Catalase, oxidase and urease activities were found to be positive for the majority of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolated bacteria belonged to two major taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (92%, including Salicola [46%], Pseudomonas [13.5%], Marinobacter [ 11%], Idiomarina [11%], and Halomonas [8%]) and Firmicutes (8%, including Bacillus [5%] and Halobacillus [3%]). In addition, a novel bacterium whose 16S rRNA gene sequence showed almost 98% sequence identity with the taxonomically troubled DSM 3050T, Halovibrio denitrificans HGD 3T and Halospina denitrificans HGD 1-3T, each, was isolated. 16S rRNA gene similarity levels along with phenotypic characteristics suggest that some of the isolated strains could be regarded as potential type strain for novel species, on which further studies are recommended. 相似文献
323.
324.
Y. A. K. Vahed J. H. Koeslag J. de V. Lochner 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1989,59(3):174-177
Metoclopramide has previously been shown to inhibit the ketosis of starvation in rats and humans. The effect of D2-dopaminergic
blockade on post-exercise ketosis was, therefore, studied in 6 carbohydrate-starved non-athletic persons who had just completed
a 9-km walk in mountainous terrain. There were nine control subjects who went on the walk, but who did not ingest metoclopramide.
Metoclopramide (0.15 mg·kg−1 body mass) caused a highly significant rise in the plasma prolactin concentration, but did not influence blood concentrations
of 3-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid, glucose, insulin or glucagon. Unlike ketosis in starvation, therefore, neither prolactin,
nor the D2-dopaminergic system play a part in the genesis of post-exercise ketosis. 相似文献
325.
Recent theoretical and empirical research on sexual conflicthas tended to focus on the costs to females of being manipulatedby males. The costs to males associated with the productionof manipulative traits have received relatively little attention.In numerous insects, including bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae),males are known to transfer substances in the ejaculate thatinhibit the receptivity of females to further matings in a dose-dependentmanner. The aim of this study was to test the prediction that,across bushcricket taxa, larger ejaculates and nuptial giftswill be associated with, on the one hand, longer sexual refractoryperiods in females and, on the other hand, longer sexual refractoryperiods in males. Data on the duration of the sexual refractoryperiod in both males and females, together with ejaculate mass,spermatophylax mass, and male body mass, were obtained for 23species of bushcricket. Both comparative analysis by independentcontrasts and species regression revealed a positive relationship,across taxa, between the duration of the female's sexual refractoryperiod and both relative ejaculate mass and relative nuptialgift mass. Positive relationships were also found between theduration of the male's sexual refractory period and both relativeejaculate mass and relative nuptial gift mass, indicating thatthere is a trade-off between resources spent on spermatophoresize and the male's potential mating rate. This appears to bethe first comparative evidence that there is a cost to malesassociated with manipulating the remating behavior of theirmates. 相似文献
326.
327.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to model the relationship between risk factors of postpartum depression and quality of life in Iranian women. Methods: In this study, 306 women were included as a sample. The study tools of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Inventory included items such as socioeconomic characteristics, recent pregnancy history and outcome, and Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-12). SPSS software was used for data analysis and a significance value of 0.05 was considered. Results: Most participants were homemakers with no instances of abortion, no stillbirth, no history of depression, no preterm delivery, no difficulties during pregnancy, no difficulties during delivery, no unplanned pregnancy, no smoking during pregnancy, had family support during pregnancy and after delivery, type of delivery was cesarean, had a healthy baby and satisfaction with neonatal sex, and never or rarely experienced partner violence. Their mean age, years of education, living arrangements, and breastfeeding of participants respectively were 29.73±5.42, 14.64±1.96, 1.09±0.53, and 5.61±2.98. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 5.6%. According to the path analysis, living arrangements with β=0.73 had the most direct effect and occupation with β=0.69 had the most indirect effect on postpartum depression. Conclusions: According to the path analysis model, postpartum depression is affected by many factors such as age, years of education, occupation, living arrangements, and quality of life. 相似文献
328.
Niloufar Abdollahian Hamideh Ghazizadeh Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran Mehran Pashirzad Mahdiyeh Yaghooti Khorasani Mary Kathryn Bohn Shannon Steele Fatemeh Roudi Atieh Kamel Khodabandeh Sara Ghazi Zadeh Iman Alami-Arani Seyede Negin Badakhshan Habibollah Esmaily Gordon A. Ferns Reza Assaran-Darban Khosrow Adeli Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2023,27(1):158-162
Age and sex need to be considered in the establishment of reference intervals (RIs), especially in early life when there are dynamic physiological changes. Since data for important biomarkers in healthy neonates and infants are limited, particularly in Iranian populations, we have determined age-specific RIs for 7 laboratory biochemical parameters. This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 344 paediatric participants (males: 158, females: 186) between the ages of 3 days and 30 months (mean age: 12.91 ± 7.15 months). Serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using an Alpha classic-AT plus auto-analyser. We determined age-specific RIs using CLSI Ep28-A3 and C28-A3 guidelines. No sex partitioning was required for any of the biomarkers. Age partitioning was required for kidney function tests and phosphate. The serum concentration of urea and creatinine increased with age, while phosphate and uric acid decreased with age. Age partitioning was not required for serum calcium, vitamin D, and hs-CRP, which remained relatively constant throughout the age range. Age-specific RIs for 7 routine biochemical markers were determined to address critical gaps in RIs in early life to help improve clinical interpretation of blood test results in young children, including neonates. Established age partitions demonstrate the biochemical changes that take place during child growth and development. These novel data will ultimately better disease management in the Iranian paediatric population and can be of value to clinical and hospital laboratories with similar populations. 相似文献
329.
Laubrie Joan D. Mousavi S. Jamaleddin Avril Stphane 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2022,21(2):455-469
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Evolution of mechanical and structural properties in the Ascending Thoracic Aorta (ATA) is the results of complex mechanobiological processes. In this... 相似文献
330.
Yuan Gao Daniel Mania Seyed Abdollah Mousavi Pawel Lycus Magnus Ø. Arntzen Kedir Woliy Kristina Lindström James P. Shapleigh Lars R. Bakken Åsa Frostegård 《Environmental microbiology》2021,23(4):2244-2259
Bradyrhizobia are common members of soil microbiomes and known as N2-fixing symbionts of economically important legumes. Many are also denitrifiers, which can act as sinks or sources for N2O. Inoculation with compatible rhizobia is often needed for optimal N2-fixation, but the choice of inoculant may have consequences for N2O emission. Here, we determined the phylogeny and denitrification capacity of Bradyrhizobium strains, most of them isolated from peanut-nodules. Analyses of genomes and denitrification end-points showed that all were denitrifiers, but only ~1/3 could reduce N2O. The N2O-reducing isolates had strong preference for N2O- over NO3−-reduction. Such preference was also observed in a study of other bradyrhizobia and tentatively ascribed to competition between the electron pathways to Nap (periplasmic NO3− reductase) and Nos (N2O reductase). Another possible explanation is lower abundance of Nap than Nos. Here, proteomics revealed that Nap was instead more abundant than Nos, supporting the hypothesis that the electron pathway to Nos outcompetes that to Nap. In contrast, Paracoccus denitrificans, which has membrane-bond NO3− reductase (Nar), reduced N2O and NO3− simultaneously. We propose that the control at the metabolic level, favouring N2O reduction over NO3− reduction, applies also to other denitrifiers carrying Nos and Nap but lacking Nar. 相似文献