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111.
Saleh Al-Sohaibani K. Murugan G. Lakshimi K. Anandraj 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2011,18(4):387-394
Black tea is consumed worldwide and is believed to play a role in cancer prevention. Xerophilic aflatoxigenic fungi are highly hazardous contaminants of tea since they are associated with tea quality impairment and human health risk. The present study reports isolation of such xerophilic and aflatoxigenic fungi associated with marketed tea. Twenty different tea samples collected from the local markets of Tamilnadu, India were investigated for fungal contamination. The results indicated contamination by 0.38% Aspergillus flavus. Other common contaminant fungi including Penicillium spp. (0.30%), Pacelomyces spp. (0.14%), and Mucor spp. (0.19%) were also isolated. Amongst the fungi isolated Aspergillus niger ML01 and A. flavus ML02 were found to be xerophilic aflatoxigenic mycoflora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rRNA revealed their close ancestry. The chloroform and acetone extracts of spices Elettaria cardamomum and Syzygium aromaticum exhibited antifungal inhibitory activity on growth and toxin elaboration of both these xerophilic tea contaminants A. niger ML01 and A. flavus ML02. The results advocate the use of these spices plant or their extracts as novel antimicrobials which may add preservation and flavour in marketed tea. 相似文献
112.
Murugan K Ravindran Yin Zheng Christian Timbol Samantha J Merck James N Baraniuk 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):30
Background
Headaches are more frequent in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) than healthy control (HC) subjects. The 2004 International Headache Society (IHS) criteria were used to define CFS headache phenotypes. 相似文献113.
Murugan Subbiah Devendra H. Shah Thomas E. Besser Jeffrey L. Ullman Douglas R. Call 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued new rules for using ceftiofur in food animals in part because of an increasing prevalence of enteric bacteria that are resistant to 3rd-generation cephalosporins. Parenteral ceftiofur treatment, however, has limited effects on enteric bacteria so we tested the hypothesis that excreted ceftiofur metabolites exert significant selection pressure for ceftiofur-resistant Escherichia coli in soil. Test matrices were prepared by mixing soil with bovine feces and adding urine containing ceftiofur metabolites (CFM) (0 ppm, ∼50 ppm and ∼100 ppm). Matrices were incubated at 23°C or 4°C for variable periods of time after which residual CFM was quantified using a bioassay. Bla
CMY-2 plasmid-bearing ceftiofur resistant (cefR) E. coli and one-month old calves were used to study the selection effects of CFM and transmission of cefR bacteria from the environment back to animals. Our studies showed that urinary CFM (∼13 ppm final concentration) is biologically degraded in soil within 2.7 days at 23°C, but persists up to 23.3 days at 4°C. Even short-term persistence in soil provides a >1 log10 advantage to resistant E. coli populations, resulting in significantly prolonged persistence of these bacteria in the soil (∼two months). We further show that resistant strains readily colonize calves by contact with contaminated bedding and without antibiotic selection pressure. Ceftiofur metabolites in urine amplify resistant E. coli populations and, if applicable to field conditions, this effect is far more compelling than reported selection in vivo after parenteral administration of ceftiofur. Because ceftiofur degradation is temperature dependent, these compounds may accumulate during colder months and this could further enhance selection as seasonal temperatures increase. If cost-effective engineered solutions can be developed to limit ex vivo selection, this may limit proliferation for ceftiofur resistant enteric bacteria while preserving the ability to use this important antibiotic in food animal production. 相似文献
114.
Abdelmohsen K Srikantan S Tominaga K Kang MJ Yaniv Y Martindale JL Yang X Park SS Becker KG Subramanian M Maudsley S Lal A Gorospe M 《Molecular and cellular biology》2012,32(13):2530-2548
The microRNA miR-519 robustly inhibits cell proliferation, in turn triggering senescence and decreasing tumor growth. However, the molecular mediators of miR-519-elicited growth inhibition are unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the influence of miR-519 on gene expression profiles leading to growth cessation in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. By analyzing miR-519-triggered changes in protein and mRNA expression patterns and by identifying mRNAs associated with biotinylated miR-519, we uncovered two prominent subsets of miR-519-regulated mRNAs. One subset of miR-519 target mRNAs encoded DNA maintenance proteins (including DUT1, EXO1, RPA2, and POLE4); miR-519 repressed their expression and increased DNA damage, in turn raising the levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21. The other subset of miR-519 target mRNAs encoded proteins that control intracellular calcium levels (notably, ATP2C1 and ORAI1); their downregulation by miR-519 aberrantly elevated levels of cytosolic [Ca(2+)] storage in HeLa cells, similarly increasing p21 levels in a manner dependent on the Ca(2+)-activated kinases CaMKII and GSK3β. The rises in levels of DNA damage, the Ca(2+) concentration, and p21 levels stimulated an autophagic phenotype in HeLa and other human carcinoma cell lines. As a consequence, ATP levels increased, and the level of activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) declined, further contributing to the elevation in the abundance of p21. Our results indicate that miR-519 promotes DNA damage, alters Ca(2+) homeostasis, and enhances energy production; together, these processes elevate the expression level of p21, promoting growth inhibition and cell survival. 相似文献
115.
Ramprasath T Murugan PS Kalaiarasan E Gomathi P Rathinavel A Selvam GS 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2012,361(1-2):143-150
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major health concern and the leading cause of death in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) are known for its broad range of detoxification. The role of functional variants of these genes in the development of various disorders is proven. Hereby, we investigated the possible role of these variants in the development of CAD in T2DM patients of South Indian population. In this case-control study, a total of 539 patients (T2DM = 241; T2DM-CAD = 298) and 285 controls were included. The C198T GPx-1 and C609T NQO1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Further, these genotypes were correlated with blood lipid profile. Regression analysis showed that GPx1-C/T genotype is associated with a 1.35-fold increase (95% CI = 1.000-1.824; P = 0.048) and GPx1-T/T genotype is associated with a 1.76-fold increase (95% CI = 1.011 to 3.066; P = 0.046) to the T2DM development. Increased odds ratio showed that NQO1-T/T genotype had a higher occurrence of CAD in diabetic patients with CAD (95% CI = 1.003-2.674, P = 0.049) than T2DM patients without CAD. The level of triglycerides alone showed significant increase for GPx-1-C/T and -T/T genotypes in Tukey's Post hoc analysis (177.1 ± 19.2 vs. 184 ± 23.5; P = 0.039 and 177.1 ± 19.2 vs. 190 ± 22.4; P = 0.006) among the patients with T2DM-CAD. Our work concludes that GPx-1 variants might contribute to the development of diabetes and both GPx-1 and NQO1 variants confirm the association of CAD in people with T2DM of South Indian population. 相似文献
116.
117.
Kuntal Maiti Kakali Mukherjee Venkatesh Murugan Bishnu Pada Saha Pulok Kumar Mukherjee 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2009,10(3):943-950
Hesperetin is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities in mammalian cell systems. Although it shows appreciable
bioavailability when administered orally, its faster elimination from body creates the need of frequent administration to
maintain effective plasma concentration. To overcome this limitation, a phospholipid complex of hesperetin was prepared and
evaluated for antioxidant activity and pharmacokinetic profile. The hesperetin content of the complex was determined by a
spectrophotometer and the surface characteristics of the complex were studied by means of microscope. The antioxidant activity
was evaluated in carbon-tetrachloride-intoxicated rats at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight, p.o. The complex was studied
for in vitro drug release characteristics and effect of complexation on serum concentration of hesperetin in rats was also studied along
with main pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that the complex has a sustained release property and enhanced antioxidant
activity (P < 0.05 and <0.01) as compared to free hesperetin at the same dose level. Pharmacokinetic study depicted that the complex
has higher relative bioavailability and acted for a longer period of time. The study therefore suggests that phospholipid
complex of hesperetin produced better antioxidant activity than free drug at the same dose level and the effect persisted
for a longer period of time, which may be helpful in solving the problems of faster elimination of the molecule. 相似文献
118.
119.
Anandaraj B Selvamanikandan A Mittal P Elavarasi N Thangadurai C Murugan V 《Analytical biochemistry》2008,373(2):401-403
In situ activity assay is one of the promising techniques for the characterization of peptide antibiotics. This assay was carried out for the peptide purified from a new bacterial isolate Paenibacillus alvei and commercial peptide antibiotic polymixin E. Towards this, the routine and new protocols were tried. Interestingly, the unexpected result of these experiments - the "switch over activity" has led us to have further investigations. Here, we have addressed the potential problem in the methodology of in situ assay and demonstrated a fool proof protocol to evade the false positive results. 相似文献
120.
The negative effect of NGG codons at +2 position has been well documented for the down regulation of recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. But this is not true when certain specific sequences are present in the downstream of NGG codons. This has been proved in our study while expressing human Erythropoietin (EPO) in E. coli GJ1158. Towards this, nine recombinant constructs were made and their expression profile was compared. In our results, we found that the suppressive nature of NGG codon (GGG, CGG) in the +2 position was overcome by imposing a downstream CAT repeat motif. The expression of EPO levels is higher in the constructs having the combination of both CGG codon at 2nd position and CAT repeats than the other constructs having either CGG or CAT repeat alone. In addition, it is also interesting to note that increasing number of CAT repeats shows increased expression levels. 相似文献