自噬在病原真菌生殖中的作用（英文）

自噬是真核生物中重要且高度保守的蛋白降解过程。在此过程中,细胞中的细胞器、长寿蛋白及其他大分子物质被双层膜的自噬体包裹并运送至降解细胞器中进行降解并重新利用。自噬在病原真菌诸如细胞分化、营养动态平衡以及致病性等各种细胞过程中起重要作用。在本综述中,我们简要介绍了自噬过程,并以人体病原真菌新生隐球菌为例介绍了病原真菌的有性生殖过程;同时我们也总结了目前模式病原真菌中自噬相关基因的研究情况以及自噬调控病原真菌无性和有性生殖的可能机理;最后我们总结全文并讨论了未来自噬调控真菌有性生殖机理研究的工作方向。     

Stable isotope analysis reveals ontogenetic feeding shifts in Pacific blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) off eastern Taiwan

To gain a better understanding of the trophic ecology of Pacific blue marlin Makaira nigricans off eastern Taiwan, nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) and Bayesian mixing models were used to explore trophic dynamics and potential ontogenetic feeding shifts across M. nigricans of different size classes. Makaira nigricans samples from east of Taiwan (n = 213) and Palau (n = 37), as well as their prey (n = 70), were collected during 2012 and 2013. Results indicated increases in δ¹⁵N with size, with values of larger size classes (> 200 cm eye-to-fork length; L_EF) significantly higher than those < 200 cm L_EF. Values of δ¹³C were negatively correlated with size. Makaira nigricans > 200 cm L_EF had the highest estimated trophic position (4.44) and also exhibited ontogenetic changes in trophic position. Large M. nigricans fed more on dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus and hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, while smaller M. nigricans consumed smaller forage fish (e.g., moonfish Mene maculata) and cephalopods. These changes may relate to greater swimming speeds and vertical habitat use in larger M. nigricans, allowing capture and consumption of larger prey items at higher trophic positions. The high trophic level of M. nigricans east of Taiwan confirms its important role as an apex predator in marine food webs and how ecological role changes with size.     

Water source partitioning and nitrogen facilitation promote coexistence of nitrogen-fixing and neighbor species in mixed plantations in the semiarid Loess Plateau

Plant and Soil - Improving our understanding of ecosystem responses to land-use intensification requires explicit consideration of linkages between aboveground and belowground communities. Here, we...     

Comprehensive metabolomic,proteomic and physiological analyses of grain yield reduction in rice under abrupt drought–flood alternation stress

Abrupt drought–flood alternation (T1) is a meteorological disaster that frequently occurs during summer in southern China and the Yangtze river basin, often causing a significant loss of rice production. In this study, the response mechanism of yield decline under abrupt drought–flood alternation stress at the panicle differentiation stage was analyzed by looking at the metabolome, proteome as well as yield and physiological and biochemical indexes. The results showed that drought and flood stress caused a decrease in the yield of rice at the panicle differentiation stage, and abrupt drought–flood alternation stress created a synergistic effect for the reduction of yield. The main reason for the decrease of yield per plant under abrupt drought–flood alternation was the decrease of seed setting rate. Compared with CK0 (no drought and no flood), the net photosynthetic rate and soluble sugar content of T1 decreased significantly and its hydrogen peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity increased significantly. The identified differential metabolites and differentially expressed proteins indicated that photosynthesis metabolism, energy metabolism pathway and reactive oxygen species response have changed strongly under abrupt drought–flood alteration stress, which are factors that leads to the rice grain yield reduction.     

Exogenous and endogenous nitrogen differentially affect the decomposition of fine roots of different diameter classes of Mongolian pine in semi-arid northeast China

Plant and Soil - Nitrogen (N) addition could affect litter decomposition through its direct effects on soil N availability and indirect effects on initial litter chemistry. The aim of this study...     

Coupled Single-Cell CRISPR Screening and Epigenomic Profiling Reveals Causal Gene Regulatory Networks

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LMI1-like and KNOX1 genes coordinately regulate plant leaf development in dicotyledons

Plant Molecular Biology - This report reveals that the LMI1-like and KNOX1 genes coordinately control the leaf development and different combinations of those genes which produce diverse leaf...