微卫星DNA及其在鱼类中的应用

生物的遗传可变性和多态性是生物自组织管理中的重要一环,也正是这一环使得生物得以适应变化的环境,为了更有效的管理和利用生物资源,就必须在遗传多态的水平上对生物种群进行认识和分析。这种分析需要有遗传标记,即需要生物体的某些性状和物质,它们能够稳定的遗传且方式简单,可用以反映生物个体或群体的特征。尽管现在已经有一些分子水平的遗传标记方法可以采用,但是对于一些濒危物种的研究和保护而言,仍需要多态信息含量更大的分子标记体系。       

固态混合发酵提高木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活力的研究

研究了接种比例、接种时间、碳源、氮源等因素对木霉和黑曲霉混合发酵产木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的影响。试验结果表明,当木霉和黑曲霉按4:6同时接种,以玉米芯3．75g、麸皮3．75g、葡萄糖37．5mg为混合碳源,Mandels营养盐11．5mL、添加NH_4NO_37．5mg为氮源,在84h产纤维素酶活力达到230IU/g干物质,木聚糖酶活力达到1308IU/g干物质,与两菌纯培养相比,纤维素酶活力提高163％,木聚糖酶活力提高79．5％。     

The Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase AtAIRP2 plays combinatory roles with AtAIRP1 in abscisic acid-mediated drought stress responses

The ubiquitin (Ub)-26S proteasome pathway is implicated in various cellular processes in higher plants. AtAIRP1, a C3H2C3-type RING (for Really Interesting New Gene) E3 Ub ligase, is a positive regulator in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent drought response. Here, the AtAIRP2 (for Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive RING protein 2) gene was identified and characterized. AtAIRP2 encodes a cytosolic C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase whose expression was markedly induced by ABA and dehydration stress. Thus, AtAIRP2 belongs to a different RING subclass than AtAIRP1 with a limited sequence identity. AtAIRP2-overexpressing transgenic (35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP) and atairp2 loss-of-function mutant plants exhibited hypersensitive and hyposensitive phenotypes, respectively, to ABA in terms of seed germination, root growth, and stomatal movement. 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP plants were highly tolerant to severe drought stress, and atairp2 alleles were more susceptible to water stress than were wild-type plants. Higher levels of drought-induced hydrogen peroxide production were detected in 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP as compared with atairp2 plants. ABA-inducible drought-related genes were up-regulated in 35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP and down-regulated in atairp2 progeny. The positive effects of AtAIRP2 on ABA-induced stress genes were dependent on SNF1-related protein kinases, key components of the ABA signaling pathway. Therefore, AtAIRP2 is involved in positive regulation of ABA-dependent drought stress responses. To address the functional relationship between AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2, FLAG-AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2-sGFP genes were ectopically expressed in atairp2-2 and atairp1 plants, respectively. Constitutive expression of FLAG-AtAIRP1 and AtAIRP2-sGFP in atairp2-2 and atairp1 plants, respectively, reciprocally rescued the loss-of-function ABA-insensitive phenotypes during germination. Additionally, atairp1/35S:AtAIRP2-sGFP and atairp2-2/35S:FLAG-AtAIRP1 complementation lines were more tolerant to dehydration stress relative to atairp1 and atairp2-2 single knockout plants. Overall, these results suggest that AtAIRP2 plays combinatory roles with AtAIRP1 in Arabidopsis ABA-mediated drought stress responses.     

温度对感染沃尔巴克氏体的松毛虫赤眼蜂种群参数的影响

在16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃和32℃恒温下,观察了温度对感染沃尔巴克氏体的松毛虫赤眼蜂发育、存活和繁殖的影响,组建了相应温度下的实验种群生命表。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,感染沃尔巴克氏体的松毛虫赤眼蜂的发育历期随着温度的升高而逐渐缩短,5个温度下感染沃尔巴克氏体的松毛虫赤眼蜂世代的发育历期分别为23.2、17.8、13.2、11.1和7.8天,世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为7.40℃和212.69日·度,内禀增长率(r_m)和净生殖力(R₀)分别介于0.2448～0.4584和28.00～84.03之间。结果提示温度24℃～28℃为繁殖感染沃尔巴克氏体的松毛虫赤眼蜂的理想温度条件。     

PCR快速检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒感染

根据已发表的伪狂犬病病毒(PrV)gE、gI基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以PrV容A株细胞培养毒为模板,筛选最佳反应条件和试剂工作浓度,建立了区分PrV野毒株和疫苗弱毒的鉴别PCR方法。该方法能从PrV容A株(RA)、上海株(SH)、鲁A株(LA)中扩增出一条848bp的片段,但Bartha-K61株没有扩增出该片段。测序结果表明PCR扩增产物和方法的特异性。对正常细胞与其它6种引起猪病毒性疫病相关病毒进行检测,结果均为阴性,没有出现交叉反应。对PrV容A株细胞毒提取物DNA进行检测,其最低检出量为5pg。PCR对感染野毒的发病猪不同组织器官检测发现,淋巴结检出率最高,依次为脾、脑(海马角)、肺、肾、肝等。对2003～2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的37个大中型猪场送检的172份病料进行PCR检测病料阳性率为20．34％(35／172),猪场阳性率为40.54％(15／37)。实验结果表明所建立的PCR技术可用于伪狂犬病野毒感染的快速鉴定和流行病学调查。     

Cdc42和球形肌动蛋白在卵母细胞胞质分裂中的定位分析

研究活性Cdc42与球形肌动蛋白(G-actin)在爪蟾卵母细胞胞质分裂中的定位关系。分别用GFP-wGBDmRNA与罗丹明-594-微管蛋白、Alexa-488-球形肌动蛋白与罗丹明-594-微管蛋白、GFP-wGBDmRNA与Alexa-594-球形肌动蛋白共同显微注射爪蟾卵母细胞。利用共聚焦显微镜,时间延迟摄影方法,分别观察活体卵母细胞中活性Cdc42、球形肌动蛋白在胞质分裂过程中的定位,以及活性Cdc42与球形肌动蛋白在胞质分裂中的定位关系。在卵母细胞胞质分裂中,活性Cdc42与球形肌动蛋白存在空间上共定位现象,并且在时相上具有一致性。结果提示活性Cdc42和球形肌动蛋白在卵母细胞胞质分裂过程中密切相关。     

大黄酚体外抗白念珠菌生物膜作用的研究

目的研究大黄酚对体外白念珠菌生物膜的影响。方法采用XTT减低法评价大黄酚对白念珠菌的生物膜及黏附性的影响;镜下观察该药对白念珠菌生物膜的形态学影响;细胞毒试验检测该药的毒副作用。结果大黄酚对白念珠菌生物膜的SMIC50、SMIC80分别为125、1000μg/ml;100μg／ml及1000μg/ml含量浓度的大黄酚对自念珠菌的早期黏附及菌丝生长有抑制作用;大黄酚对人细胞毒性较弱。结论大黄酚对体外白念珠菌生物膜有较强的抑制作用。     

长白山不同海拔梯度森林土壤中性糖分布特征

2010年7月,采集长白山北坡5个典型植被带(阔叶红松林、明针叶林、暗针叶林、岳桦林和高山苔原)林下土壤,研究了不同海拔梯度下森林土壤的中性单糖分布、数量及其影响因素,并结合中性糖来源差异探讨土壤有机质的生物化学积累机制.结果表明: 在长白山不同海拔梯度下,森林土壤的中性糖差异显著,中性糖来源碳在土壤有机碳(SOC)中的相对含量为80.55～170.63 mg·g^-1,并且随海拔升高呈递增的趋势.采用多元线性拟合分析发现,生长季平均气温是影响土壤中性糖相对含量的主要因素,低温有助于中性糖的积累.土壤中(半乳糖+甘露糖)/(阿拉伯糖+木糖)为1.62～2.28,且随海拔升高呈增加趋势,说明土壤中微生物来源中性糖的贡献随海拔升高逐渐增加.微生物熵随海拔升高而降低,说明低温条件下微生物活性下降而对外源碳的利用效率提高,植物残体被微生物分解转化后,以微生物同化物的形式固存于土壤中,从而增加了微生物来源中性糖的比例.     

The affinity of human RANK binding to its ligand RANKL

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) and its ligand, RANKL play critical roles in bone re-modeling, immune function, vascular disease and mammary gland development. To study the interaction of RANK and RANKL, we have expressed both extracellular domain of RANK and ectodomain of RANKL using Escherichia coli expression system. RANK was expressed as an inclusion body first which properly refolded later, while RANKL was initially produced as a GST fusion protein, after which the GST was removed by enzyme digestion. Soluble RANK existed as a monomer while RANKL was seen as a trimer in solution, demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography and cross-linking experiment. The recombinant RANK and RANKL could bind to each other and the binding affinity of RANKL for RANK was measured with surface plasmon resonance technology and K_D value is about 1.09 × 10⁻¹⁰ M.     

人谷胱甘肽S-转移酶pi(GSTp)中半胱氨酸对其在细胞氧化应激下功能的影响

利用PCR定点突变技术构建人GSTp三种半胱氨酸突变体C~(47/101)、C~(14/47/101)和C~(14/47/101/169)。将CSTp 野生型和突变体表达质粒转染293细胞,以CDNB 为底物测定胞内GST 的转移酶活性,结果显示各类突变体均明显抑制了细胞内源性CST 的催化活性,具有显著的负显性(dominant nega-tive)突变体的功能;将CSTp 野生型和突变体与c-Jun、NF-kB 和p53的报告基因载体共转染,通过萤光素酶活性测定发现突变体C~(14/47/101)和C~(14/47/101/169)能明显激活c-Jun 和p21的转录活性;Western印迹分析显示突变体均能上调细胞内p21蛋白的水平,细胞存活率的测定表明GSTp 突变体能增强293细胞对H_2O_2刺激的敏感性;实验结果表明半胱氨酸残基对于维持GSTp 在对抗细胞氧化应激过程中的保护作用至关重要。