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221.
Sara Martinez Maria del Mar Delgado Ruben Martinez Marin Sergio Alvarez 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2019,23(4):879-892
The implementation of global sustainability has gained worldwide attention in recent years. The Organization Environmental Footprint, which encompasses 14 impact categories, is a multicriteria measure of the environmental performance of goods and services provided by an organization from a life cycle perspective. In this article, the focus is on quantifying the Organization Environmental Footprint of a construction company in Spain. By applying an environmentally extended input‐output approach, its total footprint and impacts along the supply chain from two consecutive years were calculated. The results show that the environmental impacts from the second year of implementation were significantly higher than those from the first year. The impact category climate change was found to have experienced the greatest increase from one year to the other, with a 31% increase. This work provides an overview of 14 environmental impact categories of the company assessed, as well as recommendations for the implementation of this indicator in companies and public procurement. This approach could pave the way to shape organizations’ action plans and meet the European environmental challenges. 相似文献
222.
Sergio Alvarez Maria‐Angeles Tobarra Jorge‐Enrique Zafrilla 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2019,23(2):496-507
The European Union (EU) is advancing steadily toward the stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Various sectors are now obliged to make reductions, and new policies based on the carbon footprint are being encouraged. However, voluntary reporting of so‐called scope 3 emissions is hindering successful implementation of these policies. In this study, we present a tiered hybrid analysis to report emissions according to the ISO/TR 14069 standards and to obtain complete measures of scope 3 emissions. A process analysis for scope 1 and scope 2 emissions is complemented with a multiregional input‐output analysis for upstream scope 3 emissions. This novel approach is applied to the case study of a Spanish timber company. Its total carbon footprint in 2011 was 783,660 kilograms of carbon‐dioxide equivalent, of which 88% correspond to scope 3 emissions. These emissions are globally distributed; 71% are from European countries, followed by 8% from emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, Australia, and Turkey), 5% from China, and, finally, 16% from the rest of the world. We identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this novel approach, the European implementation of which could be highly effective in reducing global carbon emissions. 相似文献
223.
Enrico Baria Simone Morselli Suresh Anand Riccardo Fantechi Gabriella Nesi Mauro Gacci Marco Carini Sergio Serni Riccardo Cicchi Francesco S. Pavone 《Journal of biophotonics》2019,12(11)
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common bladder tumour. Proper treatment requires tumour resection for diagnosing its grade (aggressiveness) and stage (invasiveness). White‐light cystoscopy and histopathological examination are the gold standard procedures for clinical and histopathological diagnostics, respectively. However, cystoscopy is limited in terms of specificity, histology requires long tissue processing, both procedures rely on operator's experience. Multimodal optical spectroscopy can provide a powerful tool for detecting, staging and grading bladder tumours in a fast, reliable and label‐free modality. In this study, we collected fluorescence, Raman and reflectance spectra from 50 biopsies obtained from 32 patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour using a multimodal fibre‐probe. Principal component analysis allowed distinguishing normal from pathological tissues, as well as discriminating tumour stages and grades. Each individual spectroscopic technique provided high specificity and sensitivity in classifying all tissues; however, a multimodal approach resulted in a considerable increase in diagnostic accuracy (≥95%), which is of paramount importance for tumour grading and staging. The presented method offers the potential for being applied in cystoscopy and for providing an automated diagnosis of UC at the clinical level, with an improvement with respect to current state‐of‐the‐art procedures. 相似文献
224.
Carbohydrate-based vinyl selenides of the arabino, ribo and 2-deoxy-ribo configuration have been prepared by Wittig-type reactions of various protected furanoses. Moderate yields were always obtained due to the nature and reactivity of both carbohydrate lactols and selenium-based olefinating reagents under the conditions tested. A detailed study of the olefination reaction and the behaviour of vinyl selenides towards the electrophilic-induced cyclization will be discussed. 相似文献
225.
Sjöstrand D Carlsson J Paratcha G Persson B Ibáñez CF 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(17):12734-12740
Most plasma membrane proteins are capable of sensing multiple cell-cell and cell-ligand interactions, but the extent to which this functional versatility is founded on their modular design is less clear. We have identified the third immunoglobulin domain of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) as the necessary and sufficient determinant for its interaction with Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). Four charged contacts were identified by molecular modeling as the main contributors to binding energy. Their mutation abolished GDNF binding to NCAM but left intact the ability of NCAM to mediate cell adhesion, indicating that the two functions are genetically separable. The GDNF-NCAM interface allows complex formation with the GDNF family receptor alpha1, shedding light on the molecular architecture of a multicomponent GDNF receptor. 相似文献
226.
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228.
Ponce-Soto LA Martins-de-Souza D Martins D Novello JC Marangoni S 《The protein journal》2007,26(8):533-540
In this work, we isolated the two new crotamine isoforms from the Crotalus durissus cumanensis rattlesnake venom and its “in vitro” neurotoxic, myotoxic and lethality (DL50) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) effects were characterized. These proteins were named IV-2 and IV-3 and were purified by
combination of two chromatographic steps on molecular exclusion chromatography on Superdex 75 and reverse phase HPLC (μ-Bondapack
C18). The molecular mass of the crotamine isoforms was 4905.96 Da for isoform IV-2 and 4956.97 Da for IV-3 and, as determined
by mass spectrometry, and both contained six Cys residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis followed by de novo sequencing by tandem mass
spectrometry was used to determine the primary structure of both isoforms. The positions of five sequenced tryptic peptides,
including the N-terminal of the isoform IV-2 and four from isoform IV-3 were deduced by comparison with a homologous protein
from the crotamine family. The isoforms IV-2 and IV-3 had a sequence of amino acids of 42 amino acid residues IV-2: YKRCHIKGGH
CFPKEKLICI PPSSDIGKMD CPWKRKCCKK RS and pI value 9.54 and IV-3: YKQCHKKGGH CFPKEVLICI PPSSDFGKMD CRWKRKCCKK RS with a pI value of 9.54. This protein showed high molecular amino acid sequence identity with other crotamine-like proteins from Crotalus durissus terrificus. These new crotamine isoforms induced potent blockade of neuromuscular transmission in young chicken biventer cervicis preparation
and potent myotoxic effect. In mice, both isoforms induced myonecrosis, upon intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. These
activities were modulated by the presence of positively charged amino acid residues. The LD50 of isoform IV-2 was 0.07 mg/kg and isoform IV-3 was 0.06 mg/kg the animal weight, by i.c.v. route. 相似文献
229.
Sergio Branciamore Sacha Barion Enzo Gallori Massimo Di Giulio 《Annals of microbiology》2007,57(4):645-649
We have conducted a check by substituting, in a previous phylogenetic analysis, an outgroup of sequences from hyperthermophilic archaea with another of mesophilic sequences of archaea. This should remove a possible compositional bias which might be responsible for the deep position of Thermotogales and Aquificales in the Bacteria domain, as observed in previous analyses. This check brought to light a weak compositional bias which does not seem, however, to entirely explain the deep position occupied by hyperthermophilic bacteria. The present analysis also seems to show that Planctomycetes are one of the deepest lines of divergence in the Bacteria domain, although they do not seem to be the very deepest. 相似文献
230.
An extended dynamical model for growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in an intermittent fed-batch culture with total cell retention is proposed. This model differs from reported models, by including
dynamics for natural death of cells and substrate consumption for cell maintenance. The proposed model uses sigmoid functions
to describe these kinetic parameters. Equations for time evolution of substrate, vegetative, sporulated and total cell concentration
were taken from previous works. Model parameters were determined from batch experimental data obtained in pilot plant. Parameter
identification was developed in two stages: (1) coarse identification using a multivariable optimization with constraints
algorithm, (2) fine identification by heuristic fit of model parameters looking for a minimal model error. The proposed model
estimates adequate time evolution of the process variables with a mean error of 2.6% on substrate concentration and 6.7% on
biomass concentration. 相似文献