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991.
992.
Does opportunity make the thief or are people dispositionally prone to deceive? The interaction between personality and the circumstances surrounding deception is crucial to understand what promotes dishonesty in our society. Due to its inherent spontaneity and sociality, deceptive behaviour may be hardly reproducible in experimental settings. We developed a novel paradigm in the form of an interactive game where participants can choose whether to lie to another person in situations of loss vs. gain, and of no-reputation-risk vs. reputation-risk linked to the disclosure of their deceptive behaviour to others. Thus, our ecological paradigm allowed subjects to spontaneously decide when to lie and face the challenge of deceiving others. In the case of loss, participants lied to reverse the outcome in their favour. Deception was lower in the reputation-risk condition where personality traits concerning social interactions also played an important role.The results suggest that deception is definitely promoted by unfavourable events, and that maintaining one''s own reputation encourages honesty, particularly in socially inclined individuals. 相似文献
993.
994.
Carrasco C Luque A Hernando-Pérez M Miranda R Carrascosa JL Serena PA de Ridder M Raman A Gómez-Herrero J Schaap IA Reguera D de Pablo PJ 《Biophysical journal》2011,(4):1100-1108
Mechanical properties of biological molecular aggregates are essential to their function. A remarkable example are double-stranded DNA viruses such as the φ29 bacteriophage, that not only has to withstand pressures of tens of atmospheres exerted by the confined DNA, but also uses this stored elastic energy during DNA translocation into the host. Here we show that empty prolated φ29 bacteriophage proheads exhibit an intriguing anisotropic stiffness which behaves counterintuitively different from standard continuum elasticity predictions. By using atomic force microscopy, we find that the φ29 shells are approximately two-times stiffer along the short than along the long axis. This result can be attributed to the existence of a residual stress, a hypothesis that we confirm by coarse-grained simulations. This built-in stress of the virus prohead could be a strategy to provide extra mechanical strength to withstand the DNA compaction during and after packing and a variety of extracellular conditions, such as osmotic shocks or dehydration. 相似文献
995.
996.
Manfroni G Meschini F Barreca ML Leyssen P Samuele A Iraci N Sabatini S Massari S Maga G Neyts J Cecchetti V 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2012,20(2):866-876
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been recognized as the major cause of liver failure that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Among all the HCV proteins, NS5B polymerase represents a leading target for drug discovery strategies. Herein, we describe our initial research efforts towards the identification of new chemotypes as allosteric NS5B inhibitors. In particular, the design, synthesis, in vitro anti-NS5B and in cellulo anti-HCV evaluation of a series of 1-oxo-1H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-4-carboxylate derivatives are reported. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed an IC(50) ranging from 11 to 23 μM, and molecular modeling and biochemical studies suggested that the thumb domain could be the target site for this new class of NS5B inhibitors. 相似文献
997.
998.
Ubuka T Mukai M Wolfe J Beverly R Clegg S Wang A Hsia S Li M Krause JS Mizuno T Fukuda Y Tsutsui K Bentley GE Wingfield JC 《PloS one》2012,7(1):e30202
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was originally identified in quail as a hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibitor of pituitary gonadotropin synthesis and release. However, GnIH neuronal fibers do not only terminate in the median eminence to control anterior pituitary function but also extend widely in the brain, suggesting it has multiple roles in the regulation of behavior. To identify the role of GnIH neurons in the regulation of behavior, we investigated the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) of the GnIH gene on the behavior of white-crowned sparrows, a highly social songbird species. Administration of small interfering RNA against GnIH precursor mRNA into the third ventricle of male and female birds reduced resting time, spontaneous production of complex vocalizations, and stimulated brief agonistic vocalizations. GnIH RNAi further enhanced song production of short duration in male birds when they were challenged by playbacks of novel male songs. These behaviors resembled those of breeding birds during territorial defense. The overall results suggest that GnIH gene silencing induces arousal. In addition, the activities of male and female birds were negatively correlated with GnIH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Density of GnIH neuronal fibers in the ventral tegmental area was decreased by GnIH RNAi treatment in female birds, and the number of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons that received close appositions of GnIH neuronal fiber terminals was negatively correlated with the activity of male birds. In summary, GnIH may decrease arousal level resulting in the inhibition of specific motivated behavior such as in reproductive contexts. 相似文献
999.
Federica Cossu Mario Milani Patrice Vachette Francesca Malvezzi Serena Grassi Daniele Lecis Domenico Delia Carmelo Drago Pierfausto Seneci Martino Bolognesi Eloise Mastrangelo 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Genetic alterations enhancing cell survival and suppressing apoptosis are hallmarks of cancer that significantly reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family hosts conserved proteins in the apoptotic pathway whose over-expression, frequently found in tumours, potentiates survival and resistance to anticancer agents. In humans, IAPs comprise eight members hosting one or more structural Baculoviral IAP Repeat (BIR) domains. Cellular IAPs (cIAP1 and 2) indirectly inhibit caspase-8 activation, and regulate both the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways. In contrast to cIAPs, XIAP (X chromosome-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein) inhibits directly the effector caspases-3 and -7 through its BIR2 domain, and initiator caspase-9 through its BIR3 domain; molecular docking studies suggested that Smac/DIABLO antagonizes XIAP by simultaneously targeting both BIR2 and BIR3 domains. Here we report analytical gel filtration, crystallographic and SAXS experiments on cIAP1-BIR3, XIAP-BIR3 and XIAP-BIR2BIR3 domains, alone and in the presence of compound 9a, a divalent homodimeric Smac mimetic. 9a is shown to bind two BIR domains inter- (in the case of two BIR3) and intra-molecularly (in the case of XIAP-BIR2BIR3), with higher affinity for cIAP1-BIR3, relative to XIAP-BIR3. Despite the different crystal lattice packing, 9a maintains a right handed helical conformation in both cIAP1-BIR3 and XIAP-BIR3 crystals, that is likely conserved in solution as shown by SAXS data. Our structural results demonstrate that the 9a linker length, its conformational degrees of freedom and its hydrophobicity, warrant an overall compact structure with optimal solvent exposure of its two active moieties for IAPs binding. Our results show that 9a is a good candidate for pre-clinical and clinical studies, worth of further investigations in the field of cancer therapy. 相似文献
1000.
Napapon Sailasuta William Ross Jintanat Ananworanich Thep Chalermchai Victor DeGruttola Sukalaya Lerdlum Mantana Pothisri Edgar Busovaca Silvia Ratto-Kim Linda Jagodzinski Serena Spudich Nelson Michael Jerome H. Kim Victor Valcour for the RV/SEARCH protocol teams 《PloS one》2012,7(11)