饲料脂肪水平对大菱鲆幼鱼TOR信号通路的影响

研究旨在探究饲料脂肪水平对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼雷帕霉素受体(TOR)信号通路的影响。以大菱鲆幼鱼[初始体重(8.6±0.01) g]为实验对象, 配制脂肪水平分别为11.69% (适宜脂肪组)和16.58% (高脂组)的2种等氮饲料在室内循环水系统中进行投喂实验, 养殖周期为97d。结果显示: (1)饲料脂肪水平升高对大菱鲆幼鱼存活和特定生长率(SGR)无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)与适宜脂肪组相比, 肝脏中TOR和4EBP1 mRNA水平在高脂组上调(P<0.05)而4EBP2 mRNA水平在高脂组下调(P<0.05)。此外, 与适宜脂肪组相比, 肌肉中TOR和4EBP1 mRNA水平在高脂组下调(P<0.05)而4EBP2 mRNA水平在高脂组无显著变化。(3)饲料脂肪水平显著影响AKT、TOR和4EBPs磷酸化水平。肝脏中p-AKT (T308和S473)/AKT、p-mTOR(S2448)/mTOR和p-4EBP1 (T37/46)/4EBP1在高脂组显著高于适宜脂肪组,而p-p70S6K (T389)/p70S6K在高脂组显著低于适宜脂肪组。肌肉中p-AKT (S473)/AKT、p-mTOR (S2448)/mTOR和p-4EBP1 (T37/46)/4EBP1在高脂组显著低于适宜脂肪组,而p-p70S6K (T389)/p70S6K在高脂组显著高于适宜脂肪组。结果表明: 大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏和肌肉TOR、4EBP1和4EBP2的mRNA表达量与AKT、TOR、4EBP1和p70 S6K磷酸化受到饲料脂肪水平调控, 饲料脂肪水平升高, 激活了肝脏TOR信号通路, 同时肌肉TOR信号通路受到部分抑制。     

2个软枣猕猴桃品种的花粉育性研究

猕猴桃为雌雄异株植物,但在丹东宽甸地区栽培的软枣猕猴桃‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’在不配置授粉雄株的情况下,仍能正常结果,且种子发育正常。该研究通过花粉活力测定、花粉扫描电镜观察、花粉管行为的荧光显微镜观察以及不同套袋授粉技术等,研究其授粉坐果特性,以明确‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’的生殖特性,为软枣猕猴桃栽培生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’的花粉均没有活力。(2)‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’花粉粒空瘪,与正常雄性花粉存在很大差异,果园中的蜜蜂携粉足携带花粉中可见少量雄性花粉。(3)自花授粉的柱头未见花粉萌发,人工正常授粉(绿王花粉)的花粉萌发率显著高于自然授粉。(4)人工套硫酸纸袋或防虫网不授粉的结实率均为0,人工正常授粉的坐果率、单果重和果实纵横径略高于自然授粉,而果实侧径和单果种子数显著高于自然授粉。(5)该栽培地区周边山上约1km处可见野生软枣猕猴桃分布。研究认为,‘龙成2号’和‘桓优1号’为雌性品种,其在丹东宽甸地区不需配置授粉树即可结果的原因是周边有野生软枣猕猴桃分布,授粉昆虫为蜜蜂。充分授粉有助于提高其坐果率及果实大小,因此在正常栽培生产中应配置授粉雄株。     

一株海洋放线菌的分离鉴定及活性研究

从大连海域20~30 m深处生长的海绵中分离到一株有很高抗菌活性的链霉菌D164。根据培养和显微形态、生理生化数据、16S rRNA基因序列数据分析,菌株D164鉴定为娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)。对菌株D164发酵产物进行抗农业病原菌、杀虫和除草活性检测,结果表明,菌株D164发酵产物具有很高的抗农业病原菌活性,同时又具有很高的杀虫和除草活性,其活性化合物值得进一步研究。     

黑腹果蝇黑条体突变体的求偶行为

黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster黑条体果蝇(e^bsr)与黑檀体果蝇(e)为同一个基因(ebony)的不同突变体, 两者具有相似的形态表型, 但行为特征表现出明显的差异。本研究以黑条体、 黑檀体和野生型果蝇为研究对象, 首先检测果蝇的视力和活跃度, 再采用不同交配组合进行求偶成功率、交配时间和求偶模式的分析。结果表明: 黑条体果蝇视力与活跃度与野生型果蝇比较无显著差异; 黑条体果蝇的交配成功率和交配潜伏期与野生型果蝇不存在显著的差异; 黑檀体果蝇的交配成功率和交配潜伏期与野生型果蝇存在极显著的差异（P<0.000）。黑条体果蝇表现出异于黑檀体果蝇的活跃度和交配活力, 可能是由于黑条体果蝇ebony基因的新突变导致了果蝇体内多巴胺水平异常, 从而形成了黑条体果蝇独特的求偶模式。     

Free and bound hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the cutin of Quercus suber leaves

The number of free and bound hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the cutin of Quercus suber leaves was investigated by the lithium borohydride hydrogenolysis of mesyl-cutin compared with the lithium borohydride hydrogenolysis of untreated cutin. Fifty per cent of the vic-diol groups of the trihydroxy C₁₈ acid component and twenty five per cent of the secondary hydroxyl groups of the dihydroxy C₁₆ acid component are free. The rest of the secondary and all of the primary hydroxyl groups are esterified; all carboxyl groups are esterified.     

Structure and stereochemistry of stenophyllolide,a germacrolide from Centaurea aspera var. Stenophylla

A crystalline compound, named stenophyllolide, obtained from an extract of Centaurea aspera var. stenophylla was shown to be 9β,15-dihydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11-trien-6α,12-olide by X-ray analysis. The molecular structure of stenophyllolide was solved with orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, a = 11.719 (5), b = 13.389 (5), c = 8.646 (5) Å for Z = 4, by direct methods and refined to a final R of 0.06 for 1198 observed reflections.     

Concise chemoenzymatic synthesis of epi-inositol

epi-Inositol was synthesized in six steps in 40% overall yield from a bacterial bromobenzene metabolite. The chemoenzymatic route involved toluene dioxygenase oxidation, substrate-directed catalytic osmylation, m-CPBA epoxidation, radical debromination, and Amberlite-catalized hydrolysis. The route described is amenable to scaleup and could allow access to cis-inositol, and deoxy derivatives of epi-inositol.     

Leptin regulation of prepro-orexin and orexin receptor mRNA levels in the hypothalamus

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of leptin treatment on prepro-orexin and orexin receptor expression in the rat hypothalamus. Adult male rats, food-deprived for 48 and 72 h, were treated one time with vehicle or leptin (10 microg, icv). Prepro-orexin mRNA content was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR, Northern blot, and in situ hybridization; orexin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA content was quantified by Northern blot and/or semiquantitative RT-PCR. Our results indicate that leptin inhibits a fasting-induced increase in prepro-orexin mRNA and orexin receptor 1 mRNA levels in the rat hypothalamus, while orexin receptor 2 mRNA levels were unchanged in all situations evaluated. These data provide direct evidence for an additional mechanism of adaptation of the hypothalamus to food deprivation and for a new effect of leptin in the regulation of food intake.     

Regulation of in vivo TSH secretion by leptin

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is markedly influenced by the metabolic status, being suppressed during food deprivation.The aim of the present study was to assess whether leptin can act as a metabolic signal connecting the adipose tissue with the pituitary-thyroid axis. We studied the effect of leptin administration (10 microg, i.c.v.) on spontaneous TSH secretion and TSH responses to TRH in euthyroid and hypothyroid food-deprived rats. Spontaneous TSH secretion was assessed over 6 h with samples taken every 7 min. Administration of leptin to food-deprived euthyroid rats led to a reversal of the inhibitory effect exerted by fasting on spontaneous TSH secretion. This stimulatory effect of leptin on spontaneous TSH appears to be dependent on the thyroid status since it could not be observed in hypothyroid rats. This data suggests that blunted spontaneous TSH secretion in food-deprived rats is a functional and reversible state, and that the decreased leptin concentrations could be the primary event responsible for the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis in food-deprived rats.