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41.
Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige Louise Jones S. D. Kamaladasa A. Wijewickrama S. L. Seneviratne Antony P. Black Graham S. Ogg 《PloS one》2008,3(11)
Background
In Sri Lanka, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is typically acquired during adulthood with significant associated disease morbidity and mortality. T cells are believed to be important in the control of VZV replication and in the prevention of reactivation. The relationship between viral load, disease severity and cellular immune responses in primary VZV infection has not been well studied.Methodology
We used IFNγ ELISpot assays and MHC class II tetramers based on VZV gE and IE63 epitopes, together with quantitative real time PCR assays to compare the frequency and phenotype of specific T cells with virological and clinical outcomes in 34 adult Sri Lankan individuals with primary VZV infection.Principal Findings
Viral loads were found to be significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe infection compared to those with mild infection (p<0.001) and were significantly higher in those over 25 years of age (P<0.01). A significant inverse correlation was seen between the viral loads and the ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot responses of patients (P<0.001, r = −0.85). VZV-specific CD4+ T cells expressed markers of intermediate differentiation and activation.Conclusions
Overall, these data show that increased clinical severity in Sri Lankan adults with primary VZV infection associates with higher viral load and reduced viral specific T cell responses. 相似文献42.
Gamini Seneviratne J. S. Zavahir W. M. M. S. Bandara M. L. M. A. W. Weerasekara 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(6):739-743
The attachment of microbes on biotic or abiotic surfaces to form biofilm structures has a great impact on biodegradation and
biosynthesis in nature. Various interactions in such biofilms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) layer make
them considerably different in physiology and action, compared to that of their individual microbes in planktonic (free swimming)
mode of growth. Expression of new genes is up-regulated in the biofilm cells, due in part to the cellular interactions, compared
with the planktonic cells. Formation of fungal-bacterial biofilms (FBB) by bacterial colonization on biotic fungal surface
gives the biofilm enhanced metabolic activities compared to monocultures, and perhaps multi-species bacterial or fungal biofilms
on abiotic surfaces. Incorporation of a N2-fixing rhizobial strain to the FBB to form fungal-rhizobial biofilms (FRB) has been shown to improve potential biofilm applications
in N-deficient settings and in the production of biofilmed inocula for biofertilizers and biocontrol in plants. Their applications
in agricultural and environmental settings, enzyme technology, drug discovery studies and energy research are being investigated.
Thus, it has already been shown that the use of the FBB is a promising technology for many applications. This review deals
with the different areas in which FBB/FRB have been seen to be applied with successful results as well as the numerous emerging
avenues in which they show promising potential. 相似文献
43.
Ayesh K. Seneviratne Mingjing Xu Juan J. Aristizabal Henao Val A. Fajardo Zhenyue Hao Veronique Voisin G. Wei Xu Rose Hurren S. Kim Neil MacLean Xiaoming Wang Marcela Gronda Danny Jeyaraju Yulia Jitkova Troy Ketela Michael Mullokandov David Sharon Geethu Thomas Aaron D. Schimmer 《Cell Stem Cell》2019,24(6):1007
44.
Ayesh K. Seneviratne Mingjing Xu Juan J. Aristizabal Henao Val A. Fajardo Zhenyue Hao Veronique Voisin G. Wei Xu Rose Hurren S. Kim Neil MacLean Xiaoming Wang Marcela Gronda Danny Jeyaraju Yulia Jitkova Troy Ketela Michael Mullokandov David Sharon Geethu Thomas Aaron D. Schimmer 《Cell Stem Cell》2019,24(4):621-636.e16
45.
Mihiri Seneviratne H. M. S. P. Madawala Gamini Seneviratne 《Bioremediation Journal》2015,19(3):239-248
This study evaluated the efficacy of a microbial biofilm in removing Ni ions in aqueous media. The biofilm was developed incorporating a garden soil fungus with a bacterium isolated from Ni-rich serpentinite soil. The biofilm was characterized using microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations, and Boehm and potentiometric titrations. Ni removal was determined using batch experiments as a function of pH, Ni concentration, and time. The adsorption isotherm assay was conducted with varying Ni concentrations from 25 to 500 mg/L for 4 days. Isotherm and kinetic modeling were applied to the experimental data to understand the mechanisms of Ni removal. The zero point charge at pH 4.5 indicated the pH values greater than 4.5 is favorable for Ni adsorption. Acidic nature of the biofilm was reflected from Boehm titration data showing higher number of acidic groups than basic groups. With the increase in initial Ni concentration, the uptake increased from 3.43 to 38.16 mg/g. Hill, the best-fitted isotherm model, indicated a maximum adsorption capacity of 165.37 mg/g. After 4 days, the adsorption rate reached an equilibrium with a maximum sorption of ~30 mg/g for an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. Kinetic model fitting with Power function further demonstrated the chemisorptive interaction of Ni with the biofilm surface. A clear involvement of functional groups of the biofilm in Ni bonding was observed from the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectrum. The microbial biofilm showed an efficient but slow removal of Ni from aqueous media. 相似文献
46.
Martyn Kennedy Sampath S. Seneviratne Ushawarni K. Mendis Hamish G. Spencer 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》2019,57(4):892-899
Although the avian family Anhingidae is unequivocally monophyletic, the number and relationships of the component species within the single genus (Anhinga) have long remained unclear. Here, we use extensive mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data (8,878 bp) to show that four species should be recognized. Our fully resolved and well‐supported tree shows that the American Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) is sister to the three Old World species, with the Oriental (A. melanogaster) and African (A. rufa) Darters sister within the Old World clade, which also includes the Australian Darter (A. novaehollandiae). We estimate that the divergence between the New World and Old World branches occurred 19–22 mya, with the Australian Darter separating from its Old World congeners 14–16 mya and the Oriental and African species splitting ~10 mya. The genus is yet another example of osteological conservatism in the Suliformes, which is comparable to that shown by the cormorants and shags. Nevertheless, the relationships we infer are congruent with recent plumage studies and are biogeographically plausible. We suggest that further investigation of the variation within the African and Australian Darters would be of interest. 相似文献
47.
Max Rietkerk Victor Brovkin Peter M. van Bodegom Martin Claussen Stefan C. Dekker Henk A. Dijkstra Sergey V. Goryachkin Pavel Kabat Egbert H. van Nes Anje-Margriet Neutel Sharon E. Nicholson Carlos Nobre Vladimir Petoukhov Antonello Provenzale Marten Scheffer Sonia I. Seneviratne 《Ecological Complexity》2011,8(3):223-228
Global and regional climate models, such as those used in IPCC assessments, are the best tools available for climate predictions. Such models typically account for large-scale land-atmosphere feedbacks. However, these models omit local vegetation-environment feedbacks that may be crucial for critical transitions in ecosystems at larger scales. In this viewpoint paper, we propose the hypothesis that, if the balance of feedbacks is positive at all scales, local vegetation-environment feedbacks may trigger a cascade of amplifying effects, propagating from local to large scale, possibly leading to critical transitions in the large-scale climate. We call for linking local ecosystem feedbacks with large-scale land-atmosphere feedbacks in global and regional climate models in order to improve climate predictions. 相似文献
48.
Seneviratne CJ Wong SS Yuen KY Meurman JH Pärnänen P Vaara M Samaranayake LP 《Mycopathologia》2011,172(5):389-395
Candida bloodstream infection has dramatically increased in the last decade due to the growing number of immunocompromised populations
worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profiles and virulence attributes of Candida bloodstream isolates (CBIs) derived from Hong Kong and Finland, information which are vital for devising empirical clinical
strategies. Susceptibility testing of a wide range of antifungals including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole,
5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and caspofungin was performed. Haemolytic activity and secretion of proteinase of CBIs were
also examined. All CBIs derived from Hong Kong were susceptible to all the antifungals tested whilst some CBIs from Finland
were resistant to azoles and caspofungin. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis showed higher haemolytic activity whereas C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii were non-haemolytic in general. Proteinase activity of the Finland C. albicans isolates was significantly higher than the Hong Kong isolates. Our data provide a glimpse of the possible evolutionary changes
in pathogenic potential of Candida that may be occurring in different regions of the world. Therefore, continuous surveillance and availability of local data
should be taken into consideration when treating candidemia patients. 相似文献
49.
Thanuja D. K. Herath Richard P. Darveau Chaminda J. Seneviratne Cun-Yu Wang Yu Wang Lijian Jin 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen of periodontal disease that affects a majority of adults worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that periodontal disease is linked to various systemic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, by contributing to increased systemic levels of inflammation. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as a key virulent attribute of P. gingivalis, possesses significant amount of lipid A heterogeneity containing tetra- (LPS1435/1449) and penta-acylated (LPS1690) structures. Hitherto, the exact molecular mechanism of P. gingivalis LPS involved in periodontal pathogenesis remains unclear, due to limited understanding of the specific receptors and signaling pathways involved in LPS-host cell interactions.Methodology/Principal Findings
This study systematically investigated the effects of P. gingivalis LPS1435/1449 and LPS1690 on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction and the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). We found that LPS1435/1449 and LPS1690 differentially modulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression. NF-κB pathway was significantly activated by LPS1690 but not by LPS1435/1449. In addition, LPS1690 induced significant expression of NF-κB and p38 MPAK pathways-related genes, such as NFKBIA, NFKB1, IKBKB, MAP2K4 and MAPK8. Notably, the pro-inflammatory genes including GM-CSF, CXCL10, G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 were significantly upregulated by LPS1690 while down-regulated by LPS1435/1449. Blocking assays confirmed that TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling was vital in LPS1690-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HGFs.Conclusions/Significance
The present study suggests that the tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A structures of P. gingivalis LPS differentially activate TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, and significantly modulate the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HGFs. The ability to alter the lipid A structure of LPS could be one of the strategies carried-out by P. gingivalis to evade innate host defense in gingival tissues, thereby contributing to periodontal pathogenesis. 相似文献50.
Shaolin Wang Andrew D van der Vaart Qing Xu Chamindi Seneviratne Ovide F. Pomerleau Cynthia S. Pomerleau Thomas J. Payne Jennie Z. Ma Ming D. Li 《Human genetics》2014,133(5):575-586
The direct physiological effects that promote nicotine dependence (ND) are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In line with the genetic and pharmacological basis of addiction, many previous studies have revealed significant associations between variants in the nAChR subunit genes and various measures of ND in different ethnic samples. In this study, we first examined the association of variants in nAChR subunits α2 (CHRNA2) and α6 (CHRNA6) genes on chromosome 8 with ND using a family sample consisting of 1,730 European Americans (EAs) from 495 families and 1,892 African Americans (AAs) from 424 families (defined as the discovery family sample). ND was assessed by two standard quantitative measures: smoking quantity (SQ) and the Fagerström Test for ND (FTND). We found nominal associations for all seven tested SNPs of the genes with at least one ND measure in the EA sample and for two SNPs in CHRNA2 in the AA sample. Of these, associations of SNPs rs3735757 with FTND (P = 0.0068) and rs2472553 with both ND measures (with a P value of 0.0043 and 0.00086 for SQ and FTND, respectively) continued to be significant in the EA sample even after correction for multiple tests. Further, we found several haplotypes that were significantly associated with ND in the EA sample in CHRNA6 and in the both EA and AA samples in CHRNA2. To confirm the associations of the two genes with ND, we conducted a replication study with an independent case–control sample from the SAGE study, which showed a significant association of the two genes with ND, although the significantly associated SNPs were not always the same in the two samples. Together, these findings indicate that both CHRNA2 and CHRNA6 play a significant role in the etiology of ND in AA and EA smokers. Further replication in additional independent samples is warranted. 相似文献