GABAB受体变构剂药学研究进展

Y-氨基丁酸B受体(GABAB receptor,GABABR)是最具有药理学意义的药物靶点之一,具有复杂而精细的激活机制.传统的GABABR靶点药物开发集中于激动剂和拮抗剂,这类药物受到多种因素的制约,包括较强的副作用、药物代谢困难、机体耐药性明显等.变构剂结合于正构位点之外,能够调节GABABR异源二聚体亚基或结构域间的相互作用.正向变构剂(positive allosteric modulators,PAMs)和负向变构剂(negative allosteric modulators,NAMs)分别可以提高或降低GABABR的活性,并具有较高的特异性和药物安全性,同时还能够保持GABABR信号在时间和空间上的可控性.变构剂为GABABR靶点药物开发提供了新思路.     

沅江常德段蚬属贝类的谱系、倍性与性别特征

研究以沅江常德段蚬Corbicula为例,采用线粒体COⅠ分子标记对其进行谱系构建,梳理谱系与形态、倍性、性别和遗传多样性之间的关系,以期为蚬属的系统分类和生殖特征研究提供理论参考。结果显示,99条COⅠ序列(526 bp)中存在12个单倍型,共有17个变异位点,单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性和平均核苷酸差异数分别为0.599、0.01236和6.503。12个单倍型在系统进化树中被聚为独立的两支(谱系RA和RlcB),但谱系间壳长、壳高和壳宽没有显著差异(P>0.05)。99个样品中有二倍体50个、三倍体49个、雌雄同体71个、雌性21个、雄性7个。卡方检验发现,谱系与性别及倍性与性别之间均存在显著的相关性(P<0.05)。谱系RlcB的单倍型数、变异位点数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样和平均核苷酸变异数均高于谱系RA。结果表明,虽然形态、倍性、性别和遗传多样性在谱系RA和RlcB蚬之间存在一定的差异,但均不足以作为区分两个谱系的生物学特征,而不同谱系是否为不同的种还有待于进一步的证实。     

Peculiarities of Lycopodium spores sampling from the ambient atmosphere: physical effects and problems of representativeness

The process of aspiration of monodisperse Lycopodium spores (d = 32 μm) from the weakly disturbed atmosphere and the calm air into aerosol samplers of various designs was experimentally investigated. Besides, some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the interaction of spores with inner surfaces of sampling lines were studied, three experimental installations being employed.

Thin- and thick-walled cylindrical probes, their inner diameters being 0.3–1.5 cm and their length being 10–50 cm, as well as probes of other geometries were used in the experiments. The flow rate varied from 1 to 1000 cm³ s^?1; the mean wind speed value varied from 0 to 2 m s^?1.

Some regularities of sampling of air-spores were obtained. The aerosol concentration distortions caused by particle inertia and rebound as well as the wall loss effect were determined. The analysis is provided with a number of practical recommendations for sampling air spores into probes of aerosol measurement devices.     

湖南侗族的手纹研究

报道了湖南通道侗族337例正常人的指纹型、总指纹嵴数（TFRC）、a-b纹嵴线（a-bRC)、atd角、轴三角百分距（tPD)、大鱼际纹、小鱼际纹、指间区纹、掌褶纹、掌纹主线横向指数（MLIT）等手纹参数正常值,并与侗族不同人群和湖南周边不同民族进行了比较,发现湖南侗族手掌真实花纹和掌褶纹分布频率与湖南周边其他已研究过的民族和侗族群体存在明显差异。     

MiR-21在结缔组织病并间质性肺病患者外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨miR-21在结缔组织病(Connective tissue disease, CTD)并间质性肺病(Interstitial lung disease, ILD)患者外周单个核细胞中的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2015年1月-2018年6月我院收治的202例CTD患者,将其分为CTD-ILD组(n=58)和CTD无ILD组(n=152),对CTD-ILD患者的临床资料进行归纳分析,对不同结缔组织病合并间质性肺疾病组间的临床表现、胸部影像表现进行比较分析。收集两组外周血分离其外周血单个核细胞并采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组外周血单个核细胞中miR-21的表达水平,分析CTD-ILD组miR-21与患者临床特征的关系。结果:CTD-ILD的影像学表现多种多样:网格影在SSc、RA、PM/DM患者中多见;蜂窝影多见于SSc的患者;实变影多见于SLE、PM/DM的患者。CTD-ILD组外周单个核细胞中miR-21表达水平较对照组增高,并与肺功能DLCO呈负相关。结论:不同CTD-ILD的发病率不同,临床特点及影像学也各有差异。miR-21对评估CTD-ILD的病变严重程度具有一定价值,可作为诊断CTD-ILD的血清标志物辅助ILD早期诊断与病变程度评估。     

EB病毒DNA聚合酶基因的表达与纯化鼻咽癌病人诊断中的应用

以Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）ＤＮＡ聚合酶为抗原,建立了简便、快速、敏感和特异的鼻咽癌诊断方法。构建原表达载体ｐＲＳＥＴ－ＤＮＡ聚合酶及其亚克隆ＰＲＳＥＴ－Ａ１和ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中表达的产物,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测其抗原性并用于检测鼻咽癌（ｎａｓｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｅａｌ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ,ＮＰＣ）病人血清中的抗体。在ＤＰＣ病人血清中存在抗ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ聚合酶的ＩｇＧ抗体,并证明     

Infestation of urban populations of the Northern white‐breasted hedgehog,Erinaceus roumanicus,by Ixodes spp. ticks in Poland

Infestation by the nest‐dwelling Ixodes hexagonus Leach and the exophilic Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) on the Northern white‐breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicus (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae), was investigated during a 4‐year study in residential areas of the city of Poznań, west‐central Poland. Of 341 hedgehogs, 303 (88.9%) hosted 10 061 Ixodes spp. ticks encompassing all parasitic life stages (larvae, nymphs, females). Ixodes hexagonus accounted for 73% and I. ricinus for 27% of the collected ticks. Male hedgehogs carried significantly higher tick burdens than females. Analyses of seasonal prevalence and abundance of I. hexagonus revealed relatively stable levels of infestation of all parasitic stages, with a modest summer peak in tick abundance noted only on male hosts. By contrast, I. ricinus females and nymphs peaked in spring and declined steadily thereafter in summer and autumn, whereas the less abundant larvae peaked in summer. This is the first longterm study to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of both tick species on populations of wild hedgehogs inhabiting urban residential areas.     

老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统的建立及其应用

目的：探索建立老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统,并进行应用及效果评价。方法：依托物联网技术和信息化手段,将老年人跌倒综合防控策略从线下导入线上,建立集风险评估、远程教育、反馈评价于一体的老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统。运用该系统对126名干休所老年人（年龄≥ 60岁）进行评估,量化跌倒风险等级,对筛选出的84名高危老年人进行远程连续综合干预,干预措施包括分发宣传画册,制作宣教幻灯片及视频进行远程播放与讲解。采用自身前后对照,分析评价干预6个月后跌倒相关情况。结果：高危人群跌倒发生率由21.43%降至4.76%（P<0.01）;身体平衡能力和步态稳定性改善情况明显（P<0.01）;能够自觉进行正确防控行为的比例显著提高（P<0.01）;进行复杂行为时更有信心不会跌倒（P<0.01）;居家环境安全性整体提高（P<0.01）。结论：老年人跌倒防控信息管理系统可通过全面评估筛选出高危人群,实施远程连续综合干预,降低跌倒发生率,可进一步推广应用。     

EB病毒DNA聚合酶基因的表达与纯化及其在鼻咽癌病人诊断中的应用

以Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)DNA聚合酶为抗原,建立了简便、快速、敏感和特异的鼻咽癌诊断方法.构建原核表达载体pRSET-DNA聚合酶及其亚克隆pRSET-A1和pRSET-A2,在BL21(DE3)中表达的产物,经Western-blot检测其抗原性并用于检测鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)病人血清中的抗体.在NPC病人血清中存在抗EB病毒DNA聚合酶的IgG抗体,并证明DNA聚合酶的抗原性主要集中于后2/3片段(A2)上.Western-bolt检测A2/IgG抗体的敏感性和特异性分别为80%和100%.对46份NPC病人血清和46份非NPC头颈癌症病人血清,用ELISA检测A2/IgA,敏感度为89%,特异度为93%.初步建立了ELISA检测NPC病人血清中A2/IgG抗体的方法,获得较高的敏感性和特异性.