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61.
Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration is reemerging as an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. More complete understanding of the genes and variants that modulate plasma TG should enable development of markers for risk prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapies and might help specify new directions for therapeutic interventions. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified both known and novel loci associated with plasma TG concentration. However, genetic variation at these loci explains only ~10% of overall TG variation within the population. As the GWAS approach may be reaching its limit for discovering genetic determinants of TG, alternative genetic strategies, such as rare variant sequencing studies and evaluation of animal models, may provide complementary information to flesh out knowledge of clinically and biologically important pathways in TG metabolism. Herein, we review genes recently implicated in TG metabolism and describe how some of these genes likely modulate plasma TG concentration. We also discuss lessons regarding plasma TG metabolism learned from various genomic and genetic experimental approaches. Treatment of patients with moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia with existing therapies is often challenging; thus, gene products and pathways found in recent genetic research studies provide hope for development of more effective clinical strategies. 相似文献
62.
D. Sekar K. Thirugnanasambantham V. I. Hairul Islam S. Saravanan 《Cell proliferation》2014,47(5):391-395
Use of sequencing approaches is an important aspect in the field of cancer genomics, where next‐generation sequencing has already been utilized for targeting oncogenes or tumour‐suppressor genes, that can be sequenced in a short time period. Alterations such as point mutations, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations, chromosomal rearrangements and epigenetic changes are encountered in cancer cell genomes, and application of various NGS technologies in cancer research will encounter such modifications. Rapid advancement in technology has led to exponential growth in the field of genomic analysis. The $1000 Genome Project (in which the goal is to sequence an entire human genome for $1000), and deep sequencing techniques (which have greater accuracy and provide a more complete analysis of the genome), are examples of rapid advancements in the field of cancer genomics. In this mini review, we explore sequencing techniques, correlating their importance in cancer therapy and treatment. 相似文献
63.
64.
Strategic mining of cyanobacterial patents from the USPTO patent database and analysis of their scope and implications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Patent analysis with the help of the strategic mining of patents from databases is important and useful within the framework
of application-oriented research and its commercialization. In the analysis reported here, we have mined cyanobacterial patents
from the patent database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In order to make an assessment of the commercial
potentials of cyanobacteria, we conducted the patent search (from 1976 to April 2006) using certain generic terms and the
84 genera of cyanobacteria as keywords. The search was performed in two major ways – searching the abstracts and claims of
the patents cumulatively and searching the entire patent documents by the mode of ‘all fields’ in USPTO. In the abstract-
and claims-based search, 234 patents were obtained after the removal of overlapping patents among the keywords. An additional
31 patents were added following the ‘all fields’ search; these patents were not covered in the search that was based on abstracts
and claims. The entire package of 265 patents, of which 244 were related to cyanobacteria, was then analyzed. Information
derived from these patents identified five major areas of cyanobacterial utilization. Cyanobacteria have been patented as
a source of a wide spectrum of products, for medical, agriculture and environmental applications, for gene-based products,
for methods of cultivation and for methods of control. The chronological development in granting cyanobacterial patents was
also traced. This study demonstrates that such strategic mining and analysis of patent data can be used as an index for future
development. 相似文献
65.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein localizations 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The current advances in fluorescence microscopy, coupled with the development of new fluorescent probes, make fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) a powerful technique for studying molecular interactions inside living cells with improved spatial (angstrom) and temporal (nanosecond) resolution, distance range, and sensitivity and a broader range of biological applications. 相似文献
66.
Molecular cloning of the delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
A transformant of Bacillus megaterium, VB131, was isolated which carries a 6.3-kb XbaI segment of the crystal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (BTI) cloned in a vector plasmid pBC16 to yield pVB131. The chimeric plasmid DNA from VB131 was introduced into a transformable Bacillus subtilis strain by competence transformation. Both the B. megaterium VB131 strain and the B. subtilis strain harboring the chimeric plasmid produced irregular, parasporal, phase-refractile, crystalline inclusions (Cry+) during sporulation. The sporulated cells as well as the isolated crystal inclusions of the pVB131-containing B. megaterium and B. subtilis strains were highly toxic to the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Also, the solubilized crystal protein preparation from VB131[pVB131] showed clear immuno cross-reaction with antiserum to the BTI crystal toxin. 32P-labeled pVB131 plasmid DNA showed specific hybridization with a 112-kb plasmid DNA of Cry+ strains of BTI, and no hybridization with other plasmid or chromosomal DNA of either Cry+ or Cry- variants. These results are in agreement with our previous findings (González and Carlton, 1984) that the 112-kb plasmid of BTI is associated with the production of the crystal toxin. 相似文献
67.
A. Chandra Sekar 《International Journal of Anthropology》1995,10(2-3):125-132
The highest values of consanguinity was found among “Kamma” (45.0%), “Ediga” (47.5%) and “Mala” (55.7%) who occupy different
strata of Indian caste hierarchy. In the way of searchout the factors influencing consanguineous marriages, the present paper
finda the negative relationship between educational levels of the spouses and consanguinity. The educational levels of men
has significant effect on the frequency of consanguinious marriages among “Kamma” and “Mala”. However, further analysis deplore
significant differences in the mean levels consanguinity between educational groups. It divulge low level of higher education
among the populations. Only 12% of men and 1.6% of women have degree level and above education in the total sample. 相似文献
68.
Computational genomic analysis of hemorrhagic fever viruses 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A number of distinct viruses are known as hemorrhagic fever viruses based on a shared ability to induce hemorrhage by poorly
understood mechanisms, typically involving the formation of blood clots (“disseminated intravascular coagulation”). It is
well documented that selenium plays a significant role in the regulation of blood clotting via its effects on the thromboxane/prostacyclin
ratio, and effects on the complement system. Selenium has an anticlotting effect, whereas selenium deficiency has a proclotting
or thrombotic effect. It is also well documented that extreme dietary selenium deficiency, which is almost never seen in humans,
has been associated with hemorrhagic effects in animals. Thus, the possibility that viral selenoprotein synthesis might contribute
to hemorrhagic symptoms merits further consideration. Computational genomic analysis of certain hemorrhagic fever viruses
reveals the presence of potential protein coding regions (PPCRs) containing large numbers of in-frame UGA codons, particularly
in the −1 reading frame. In some cases, these clusterings of UGA codons are very unlikely to have arisen by chance, suggesting
that these UGAs may have some function other than being a stop codon, such as encoding selenocysteine. For this to be possible,
a downstream selenocysteine insertion element (SECIS) is required. Ebola Zaire, the most notorious hemorrhagic fever virus,
has a PPCR with 17 UGA codons, and several potential SECIS elements can be identified in the viral genome. One potential viral
selenoprotein may contain up to 16 selenium atoms per molecule. Biosynthesis of this protein could impose an unprecedented
selenium demand on the host, potentially leading to severe lipid peroxidation and cell membrane destruction, and contributing
to hemorrhagic symptoms. Alternatively, even in the absence of programmed selenoprotein synthesis, it is possible that random
slippage errors would lead to increased encounters with UGA codons in overlapping reading frames, and thus potentially to
nonspecific depletion of SeC in the host. 相似文献
69.
Comparison of muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic receptors in rat atria based on phosphoinositide turnover 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation on phosphoinositide turnover in rat atria have been compared. Despite the similar densities of muscarinic receptors in rat left and right atria, 0.1 mM carbachol increased [32P]phosphate incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (PI) by 35% (p less than 0.05) in left atria but had no effect in right atria. By contrast to the small muscarinic receptor effect, stimulation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors by 0.1 mM methoxamine produced a more than two fold increase in [32P]phosphate incorporation into PI in both left and right atria, despite the reported smaller density of alpha-adrenergic receptors in rat atria compared to muscarinic receptors. Enhanced phosphate labelling by methoxamine did not occur in phospholipids other than PI, and was blocked by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (20 microM). The results indicate that the majority of the muscarinic receptors in rat atria are not coupled to phosphoinositide turnover. If indeed the observed enhancement in [32P]-phosphate labelling by carbachol reflects phosphoinositide turnover, and assuming equal coupling efficiencies of muscarinic and adrenergic receptors, it is calculated that not more than 2% of the muscarinic receptors in rat left atria are coupled to this response. 相似文献
70.
Nirjhar Banerjee Rangarajan Sarani Chellamuthu Vasuki Ranjani Govindaraj Sowmiya Daliah Michael Narayanasamy Balakrishnan Kanagaraj Sekar 《Bioinformation》2008,3(1):28-32
Distant repeats in protein sequence play an important role in various aspects of protein analysis. A keen analysis of the distant repeats would enable to establish a firm relation of the
repeats with respect to their function and three-dimensional structure during the evolutionary process. Further, it enlightens the diversity of duplication during the evolution. To this end,
an algorithm has been developed to find all distant repeats in a protein sequence. The scores from Point Accepted Mutation (PAM) matrix has been deployed for the identification of amino acid
substitutions while detecting the distant repeats. Due to the biological importance of distant repeats, the proposed algorithm will be of importance to structural biologists, molecular biologists,
biochemists and researchers involved in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. 相似文献