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611.
612.
Establishment of the culture model system that reflects the process of terminal differentiation of connective tissue-type mast cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takano H Nakazawa S Okuno Y Shirata N Tsuchiya S Kainoh T Takamatsu S Furuta K Taketomi Y Naito Y Takematsu H Kozutsumi Y Tsujimoto G Murakami M Kudo I Ichikawa A Nakayama K Sugimoto Y Tanaka S 《FEBS letters》2008,582(10):1444-1450
To understand physiological roles of tissue mast cells, we established a culture system where bone marrow-derived immature mast cells differentiate into the connective tissue-type mast cell (CTMC)-like cells through modifying the previous co-culture system with Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Our system was found to reproducibly mimic the differentiation of CTMCs on the basis of several criteria, such as granule maturation and sensitivity to cationic secretagogues. The gene expression profile obtained by the microarray analyses was found to reflect many aspects of the differentiation. Our system is thus helpful to gain deeper insights into terminal differentiation of CTMCs. 相似文献
613.
614.
Currently, one of the most serious problems in protein-folding simulations for de novo structure prediction is conformational sampling of medium-to-large proteins. In vivo, folding of these proteins is mediated by molecular chaperones. Inspired by the functions of chaperonins, we designed a simple chaperonin-like simulation protocol within the framework of the standard fragment assembly method: in our protocol, the strength of the hydrophobic interaction is periodically modulated to help the protein escape from misfolded structures. We tested this protocol for 38 proteins and found that, using a certain defined criterion of success, our method could successfully predict the native structures of 14 targets, whereas only those of 10 targets were successfully predicted using the standard protocol. In particular, for non-α-helical proteins, our method yielded significantly better predictions than the standard approach. This chaperonin-inspired protocol that enhanced de novo structure prediction using folding simulations may, in turn, provide new insights into the working principles underlying the chaperonin system. 相似文献
615.
Mamoru Morimoto Masako Utsumi Yoshiyuki Tohno Setsuko Tohno Yumi Moriwake Kazuya Sugimoto Motohisa Yamada Kazuhiko Furuta Yasuo Takano Yoshinori Takakura 《Biological trace element research》2001,82(1-3):53-60
To examine whether the bone mineral density (BMD) decreases uniformly with aging in any spongy bones, the authors investigated
age-related changes of BMD in the calcaneus, talus, and scaphoid bone. After the ordinary dissection by medical students was
finished, calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones were resected from the subjects, and BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry. Their BMDs seemed to decrease gradually with aging in the calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones. It was found
that there were statistically significant relationships between age and BMD in the men’s and women’s scaphoid bones, women’s
tali, and women’s calcanei, but not in the men’s tali and calcanei. It should be noted that there were significant relationships
between age and BMD in both men’s and women’s scaphoid bones. In regard to relationship in BMD between the bones of the upper
and lower limbs in individuals, it was found that the relationship between the calcaneus and talus was higher than that between
the calcaneus and scaphoid bone. This suggests that there is a higher relationship in BMD between the two tarsal bones compared
with that between the tarsal and carpal bones. 相似文献
616.
A novel acromelic acid analogue containing a phenyl group possessing two different types of azido functional groups, of which one is the aromatic N3 acting as a photoaffinity group to bind to a target protein by photoirradiation and the other is alkyl N3 group which survives photolysis acting as a detecting group through the Staudinger-Bertozzi reaction to identify the ligated product, was designed and synthesized as a radioisotope-free biochemical probe potentially for studies on kainoid receptors. 相似文献
617.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env)-mediated membrane fusion occurs as a sequence of events that is triggered by CD4 binding to the Env gp120 subunit. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of Env-mediated membrane fusion at the single-cell level using fluorescent fusion proteins and confocal laser fluorescent microscopy. Either enhanced cyan or yellow fluorescent protein (CFP and YFP, respectively) was fused to the end of the cytoplasmic regions of the HIV-1 receptors (CD4 and CCR5) and Env proteins. Real-time imaging of membrane fusion mediated by these recombinant proteins revealed that the kinetics of fusion in our system was faster than that previously reported. Analysis of the receptor interaction by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) at the single-cell level demonstrated a tendency for oligomerization of CD4-CD4, but not of CD4-CCR5, in the absence of Env-expressing cells. However, when Env-expressing cells attached to the receptor cells, FRET produced by CD4-CCR5 interaction was increased; the FRET intensity began to decline before the formation of the fusion pore. These changes in FRET may represent the temporal association of these receptors, triggered by gp120 binding, and their dissociation during the formation of the fusion pore. In addition, the FRET analysis of receptor interactions in the presence of fusion inhibitors showed that not only inhibitors acting on CCR5 but also the gp41-derived peptide T-20 interfered with CD4-CCR5 interaction during fusion. These data suggest that T-20 could affect the formation of Env-receptors complexes during the membrane fusion. 相似文献
618.
Ikeya M Kawada M Kiyonari H Sasai N Nakao K Furuta Y Sasai Y 《Development (Cambridge, England)》2006,133(22):4463-4473
We here report essential roles of the Bmp-binding protein crossveinless 2 (Cv2; Bmper) in mouse organogenesis. In the null Cv2 mutant mouse, gastrulation occurs normally, but a number of defects are found in Cv2-expressing tissues such as the skeleton. Cartilage differentiation by Bmp4 treatment is reduced in cultured Cv2(-/-) fibroblasts. Moreover, the defects in the vertebral column and eyes of the Cv2(-/-) mouse are substantially enhanced by deleting one copy of the Bmp4 gene, suggesting a pro-Bmp role of Cv2 in the development of these organs. In addition, the Cv2(-/-) mutant exhibits substantial defects in Bmp-dependent processes of internal organ formation, such as nephron generation in the kidney. This kidney hypoplasia is synergistically enhanced by the additional deletion of Kcp (Crim2) which encodes a pro-Bmp protein structurally related to Cv2. This study demonstrates essential pro-Bmp functions of Cv2 for locally restricted signal enhancement in multiple aspects of mammalian organogenesis. 相似文献
619.
620.
Sanuki S Hamanaka S Kaneko S Otsu M Karasawa S Miyawaki A Nakauchi H Nagasawa T Onodera M 《The journal of gene medicine》2008,10(9):965-971