全文获取类型
收费全文 | 426篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有471条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
STAT-signalling through the cytoplasmic compartment: consideration of a new paradigm 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sehgal PB 《Cellular signalling》2000,12(8):525-535
422.
Claire Loiseau Ryan J. Harrigan Anthony J. Cornel Sue L. Guers Molly Dodge Timothy Marzec Jenny S. Carlson Bruce Seppi Ravinder N. M. Sehgal 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
The unprecedented rate of change in the Arctic climate is expected to have major impacts on the emergence of infectious diseases and host susceptibility to these diseases. It is predicted that malaria parasites will spread to both higher altitudes and latitudes with global warming. Here we show for the first time that avian Plasmodium transmission occurs in the North American Arctic. Over a latitudinal gradient in Alaska, from 61°N to 67°N, we collected blood samples of resident and migratory bird species. We found both residents and hatch year birds infected with Plasmodium as far north as 64°N, providing clear evidence that malaria transmission occurs in these climates. Based on our empirical data, we make the first projections of the habitat suitability for Plasmodium under a future-warming scenario in Alaska. These findings raise new concerns about the spread of malaria to naïve host populations. 相似文献
423.
424.
K. K. Sharma Bhuvnesh Shrivastava Preeti Nandal Neeta Sehgal V. R. B. Sastry A. Kalra R. C. Kuhad 《Indian journal of microbiology》2012,52(2):185-190
The fungal fermented wheat straws as animal feeds have been evaluated for its toxicological and nutritional status in male rats (Holtzman strain). Digestibility of dry matter and other nutrients as well as fiber fractions were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in straw fermented with either Ganoderma sp. rckk02 (T3) or Crinipellis sp. RCK-1 (T4) than unfermented straw (T1) or straw fermented with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (T2). The aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were either absent or present in permissive levels in T3 and T4 diets and exhibited normal stress enzyme activity in case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes whereas, rats fed on T2 diet showed elevated levels of stress enzymes (ALT, AST and LDH activity), 100% high morbidity and 8.3% mortality. This study suggests that Ganoderma sp. rckk02 and Crinipellis sp. RCK-1 are efficient in improving the nutritive value of poor quality straw and do not posses any threat for their subsequent use as ruminant feed. 相似文献
425.
Pouch AM Xu C Yushkevich PA Jassar AS Vergnat M Gorman JH Gorman RC Sehgal CM Jackson BM 《Journal of biomechanics》2012,45(5):903-907
In vivo human mitral valves (MV) were imaged using real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (rt-3DTEE), and volumetric images of the MV at mid-systole were analyzed by user-initialized segmentation and 3D deformable modeling with continuous medial representation, a compact representation of shape. The resulting MV models were loaded with physiologic pressures using finite element analysis (FEA). We present the regional leaflet stress distributions predicted in normal and diseased (regurgitant) MVs. Rt-3DTEE, semi-automated leaflet segmentation, 3D deformable modeling, and FEA modeling of the in vivo human MV is tenable and useful for evaluation of MV pathology. 相似文献
426.
Loiseau C Harrigan RJ Robert A Bowie RC Thomassen HA Smith TB Sehgal RN 《Molecular ecology》2012,21(2):431-441
Studies of both vertebrates and invertebrates have suggested that specialists, as compared to generalists, are likely to suffer more serious declines in response to environmental change. Less is known about the effects of environmental conditions on specialist versus generalist parasites. Here, we study the evolutionary strategies of malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) among different bird host communities. We determined the parasite diversity and prevalence of avian malaria in three bird communities in the lowland forests in Cameroon, highland forests in East Africa and fynbos in South Africa. We calculated the host specificity index of parasites to examine the range of hosts parasitized as a function of the habitat and investigated the phylogenetic relationships of parasites. First, using phylogenetic and ancestral reconstruction analyses, we found an evolutionary tendency for generalist malaria parasites to become specialists. The transition rate at which generalists become specialists was nearly four times as great as the rate at which specialists become generalists. We also found more specialist parasites and greater parasite diversity in African lowland rainforests as compared to the more climatically variable habitats of the fynbos and the highland forests. Thus, with environmental changes, we anticipate a change in the distribution of both specialist and generalist parasites with potential impacts on bird communities. 相似文献
427.
428.
Mithila Jugulam Kindsey Niehues Amar S. Godar Dal-Hoe Koo Tatiana Danilova Bernd Friebe Sunish Sehgal Vijay K. Varanasi Andrew Wiersma Philip Westra Phillip W. Stahlman Bikram S. Gill 《Plant physiology》2014,166(3):1200-1207
Recent rapid evolution and spread of resistance to the most extensively used herbicide, glyphosate, is a major threat to global crop production. Genetic mechanisms by which weeds evolve resistance to herbicides largely determine the level of resistance and the rate of evolution of resistance. In a previous study, we determined that glyphosate resistance in Kochia scoparia is due to the amplification of the 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) gene, the enzyme target of glyphosate. Here, we investigated the genomic organization of the amplified EPSPS copies using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and extended DNA fiber (Fiber FISH) on K. scoparia chromosomes. In both glyphosate-resistant K. scoparia populations tested (GR1 and GR2), FISH results displayed a single and prominent hybridization site of the EPSPS gene localized on the distal end of one pair of homologous metaphase chromosomes compared with a faint hybridization site in glyphosate-susceptible samples (GS1 and GS2). Fiber FISH displayed 10 copies of the EPSPS gene (approximately 5 kb) arranged in tandem configuration approximately 40 to 70 kb apart, with one copy in an inverted orientation in GR2. In agreement with FISH results, segregation of EPSPS copies followed single-locus inheritance in GR1 population. This is the first report of tandem target gene amplification conferring field-evolved herbicide resistance in weed populations.Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) Gly] is the most widely used agricultural pesticide globally (Duke and Powles, 2008). Originally, being a nonselective herbicide, its use was limited to vegetation management in noncrop areas; however, introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops in the late 1990s, coupled with their exceptional adoption, led to accelerated use totaling approximately 128 million ha worldwide in 2012 (James, 2012). GR crop technology has made a significant contribution to global agriculture and the environment, as it not only increased farm income by $32.2 billion (Brookes and Barfoot, 2013), but also moderated the negative environmental impacts of mechanical weed management practices (Gardner and Nelson, 2008; Bonny, 2011). Glyphosate offers a simple, effective, and economic weed management option in GR crops. In addition, it provides immense value in no-till crop production systems by enabling soil and moisture conservation. However, due to intensive glyphosate selection pressure, several weed populations globally have evolved resistance through a variety of mechanisms. Globally, herbicide resistance, in particular the recent proliferation of glyphosate resistance in weed species, is a major crop protection threat; nearly two dozen GR weed species have been reported in the last 15 years (Heap, 2014).Glyphosate, an aminophosphonic analog of the natural amino acid Gly, nonselectively inhibits 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in plants, preventing the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids Phe, Tyr, and Trp (Steinrücken and Amrhein, 1980), resulting in the death of glyphosate-sensitive individuals. In plants, EPSPS is one of the key enzymes in the shikimate pathway (Herrmann and Weaver, 1999), and glyphosate inhibits EPSPS by binding to EPSPS-shikimate-3-P binary complex forming an EPSPS-shikimate-3-P-glyphosate complex (Alibhai and Stallings, 2001). Bradshaw et al. (1997) hypothesized against the likelihood of weeds evolving resistance to glyphosate, primarily because of its complex biochemical interactions in the shikimate pathway and also due to the absence of known glyphosate metabolism in plants. Nonetheless, several cases of glyphosate resistance, as a result of difference in glyphosate translocation (Preston and Wakelin, 2008) or mutations in the EPSPS, were confirmed (Baerson et al., 2002). More importantly, duplication/amplification of the EPSPS appears to be the basis for glyphosate resistance in several weeds (Sammons and Gaines, 2014). Here, we use duplication to refer to the formation of first repetition of a chromosomal segment and amplification to refer to increase in number of the repetitions (more than two repetitions of a chromosomal segment) under positive selection. The first case of EPSPS amplification as a basis for glyphosate resistance was reported in an Amaranthus palmeri population from GA (Gaines et al., 2010). In this A. palmeri population, there is a massive increase (>100-fold relative to glyphosate-susceptible [GS] plants) in EPSPS copies, and these copies are dispersed throughout the genome (Gaines et al., 2010).Field-evolved GR
Kochia scoparia populations were first reported in western Kansas in 2007 (Heap, 2014). We previously determined that evolution of GR populations of K. scoparia in the U.S. Great Plains is also due to amplification of the EPSPS (A. Wiersma and P. Westra, unpublished data). Unlike in GR
A. palmeri, we found relative EPSPS:acetolactate synthase (ALS) copies ranging from three to nine in GR
K. scoparia populations. While it quickly became widespread in the region, its presence was reported in another five Great Plains states by 2013 (Heap, 2014). GR
K. scoparia populations we tested were 3- to 11-times resistant (population level) to glyphosate compared with a GS population (Godar, 2014), and EPSPS expression positively correlated with genomic EPSPS copy number (A. Wiersma and P. Westra, unpublished data). Here, we reveal the genomic organization of the amplified EPSPS copies in two GR
K. scoparia populations, an alternative mechanism of gene amplification to that reported in GR
A. palmeri. 相似文献
429.
Drug development is a high risk and costly process, and the ability to predict clinical efficacy in silico (in a computer) can save the pharmaceutical industry time and resources. Additionally, such an approach will result in more targeted, personalized therapies. To date, a number of in silico strategies have been developed to provide better information about the human response to novel therapies earlier in the drug development process. Some of the most prominent include physiological modeling of disease and disease processes, analytical tools for population pharmacodynamics, tools for the analysis of genomic expression data, Monte Carlo simulation technologies, and predictive biosimulation. These strategies are likely to contribute significantly to reducing the failure rate of drugs entering clinical trials. 相似文献
430.