Women Are Seen More than Heard in Online Newspapers

Feminist news media researchers have long contended that masculine news values shape journalists’ quotidian decisions about what is newsworthy. As a result, it is argued, topics and issues traditionally regarded as primarily of interest and relevance to women are routinely marginalised in the news, while men’s views and voices are given privileged space. When women do show up in the news, it is often as “eye candy,” thus reinforcing women’s value as sources of visual pleasure rather than residing in the content of their views. To date, evidence to support such claims has tended to be based on small-scale, manual analyses of news content. In this article, we report on findings from our large-scale, data-driven study of gender representation in online English language news media. We analysed both words and images so as to give a broader picture of how gender is represented in online news. The corpus of news content examined consists of 2,353,652 articles collected over a period of six months from more than 950 different news outlets. From this initial dataset, we extracted 2,171,239 references to named persons and 1,376,824 images resolving the gender of names and faces using automated computational methods. We found that males were represented more often than females in both images and text, but in proportions that changed across topics, news outlets and mode. Moreover, the proportion of females was consistently higher in images than in text, for virtually all topics and news outlets; women were more likely to be represented visually than they were mentioned as a news actor or source. Our large-scale, data-driven analysis offers important empirical evidence of macroscopic patterns in news content concerning the way men and women are represented.     

Genomic and Functional Diversity of Bacteria Isolated from Hot Springs in Odisha,India

This study focused on culture-dependent survey of important bacterial community diversity of hot springs of Odisha. India. Molecular and cultural techniques were employed for assessing and exploiting the genetic and functional variability among the isolates obtained from three alkaline and mesophilic hot springs. A total of 48 isolates belonging to family Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Planococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were identified. Majority of the bacterial isolates were affiliated with the genus Bacillus. Morphologically all the isolated bacteria were either Gram-positive spore-forming rods, or Gram-negative rods. The optimum temperature for growth of the isolates varied between 37°C to 50°C. The functional diversity revealed that many of the predominant and scarce isolates produced a variety of extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, lipase, phosphatase and protease, and genus Bacillus dominated for extracellular enzymatic activity. We employed two molecular markers to characterize the isolates. The hsp60 universal target sequence was found to be more discriminatory than 16s rRNA gene sequences. The cultivable bacterial community structure that colonized in the investigated thermal springs did not reveal much overlapping. Our results indicate that bacteria in the geothermal environment are metabolically active and cultivable populations may have great potential in biotechnology.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita

The effects of dietary Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 supplementation on innate immunity and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection were evaluated in Labeo rohita. Fish were fed for 60 days with control diet or 3 experimental diets containing P. aeruginosa VSG-2 at 10(5), 10(7), and 10(9) cfu g(-l), respectively. Various innate immune parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days post-feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 60 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. Dietary supplementation of P. aeruginosa VSG-2 significantly increased serum lysozyme and alternative complement pathway (ACP) activities, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst activity in head kidney macrophages of L. rohita throughout the experimental period. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased after 60 days in the groups fed diets containing 10(7) and 10(9) cfu g(-1) P aeruginosa. Serum IgM levels were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group after 30 days of feeding; however, the opposite result was observed at 60 days. Moreover, fish fed diets containing 10(7) and 10(9) cfu g(-1)P. aeruginosa had significantly higher post-challenge survival rates against A. hydrophila infection. Further, P. aeruginosa VSG-2 was found to be safe for mammals. These results indicate that dietary P. aeruginosa VSG-2 supplementation at 10(7) cfu g(-1) can effectively improve innate immunity and disease resistance in L. rohita.     

山东省翼手目一新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠

在山东省济南市长清区张夏镇发现宽耳犬吻蝠(Tadarida teniotis).本文详细描述了5只蝙蝠的形态特征,并与安徽、台湾、非洲和云南样本的体型及头骨参数进行了比较.宽耳犬吻蝠为山东省新纪录.     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响

目的:探讨高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响。方法:自身对照研究将38例维持性低通量血液透析患者转换为高通量血液透析(HPD),HPD组使用日本旭化成APS-15u高通量透析器6个月,分别采用改良主观全面营养评估(MQSGA)及各项客观营养指标进行相关性分析。结果:经转换为高通量血液透析后主观全面营养评估较使用低通量血液透析有显著性差异;营养相关指标血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白较前有明显提高,差异有显著性(P<0.05);胆固醇较前相比无明显差异。结论:高通量血液透析能有效改善维持性透析患者的营养状况。     

光合作用与呼吸作用中的[H]

光合作用与呼吸作用所涉及的[H]指NADH、FADH2与NADPH中的还原性氢。光合作用与呼吸作用中产生和利用的[H]不同,光合作用产生及利用NADPH,而呼吸作用产生与利用的[H]主要是NADH与FADH2。     

A method for screening copper-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars based on hydroponic experiments and cluster analysis

A method for screening copper (Cu)-tolerant rice cultivars was studied by combining hydroponic experiments and cluster analysis, and the classification of cultivars in Cu stress tolerance was done. In the first hydroponic experiment, seedlings of Jiahe991 and Xiushui114 were planted in nutrient solution with different Cu²⁺ concentrations from 10 to 1800 μg/L. Results indicated that the toxic threshold of Cu concentration in solution ranged from 900 to 1200 μg/L, since SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development, SPAD-502, a portable chlorophyll meter, Minolta Camera Co. Ltd., Japan) values of leaves and seedlings biomass of the treatments with ≥900 and/or 1200 µg/L were significantly lower than the control. The second experiment was conducted with 16 local rice cultivars under three Cu treatments (10, 1000, and 1500 μg/L). The 16 cultivars were well classified into tolerant, normal, and sensitive groups as a result of cluster analysis based on the relative SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development, SPAD-502, a portable chlorophyll meter, Minolta Camera Co. Ltd., Japan) value, shoot and root dry weights, root length and root dehydrogenase activity, and oxidizing capacity and shoot Cu concentration. Xiushui123, Xiushui134, Jiahe991, and Xianghu301 belonged to the tolerant group; Xiushui137 belonged to the sensitive group. The cluster analysis based on hydroponic experiments is an effective method for identifying rice cultivars that are tolerant to Cu stress. In addition, four cultivars (Xiushui123, Xiushui134, Jiahe991, and Xianghu301) are recommended in local practice.     

A practical approach in bioreactor scale‐up and process transfer using a combination of constant P/V and vvm as the criterion

Bioreactor scale‐up is a critical step in the production of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). With the scale‐up criterion such as similar power input per volume or O₂ volumetric mass transfer coefficient ( ), adequate oxygen supply and cell growth can be largely achieved. However, CO₂ stripping in the growth phase is often inadequate. This could cascade down to increased base addition and osmolality, as well as residual lactate increase and compromised production and product quality. Here we describe a practical approach in bioreactor scale‐up and process transfer, where bioreactor information may be limited. We evaluated the sparger and (CO₂ volumetric mass transfer coefficient) from a range of bioreactor scales (3–2,000 L) with different spargers. Results demonstrated that for oxygen is not an issue when scaling from small‐scale to large‐scale bioreactors at the same gas flow rate per reactor volume (vvm). Results also showed that sparging CO₂ stripping, , is dominated by the gas throughput. As a result, a combination of a minimum constant vvm air or N₂ flow with a similar specific power was used as the general scale‐up criterion. An equation was developed to determine the minimum vvm required for removing CO₂ produced from cell respiration. We demonstrated the effectiveness of using such scale‐up criterion with five MAb projects exhibiting different cell growth and metabolic characteristics, scaled from 3 to 2,000 L bioreactors across four sites. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1146–1159, 2017     

The Postnatal Development of the Cerebellum— A fMRI and Silver Study

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the postnatal development of the cerebella of the pig and to compare this with the activation of the fMRI. The cells in the cerebella were studied by silver technique and the activation of the fMRI in the cerebella was initiated by flexion and extension of the hind paw. Our results showed an increase of the branching of the cells of the cerebellar cortex postnatally, coordinated with registration of fMRI active sites in the cerebella at 6-month postnatal. We concluded that the full maturation of the cerebella was around 6-month postnatal in the pig.