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Multifunctional smart windows are successfully fabricated by assembling inkjet printed CeO2/TiO2 and WO3/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrene sulfonate) films as the anode and cathode, respectively. Large optical modulation (more than 70% at 633 nm), fast switching (12.7/15.8 s), high coloration efficiency (108.9 cm2 C?1), and excellent bistability are achieved by the assembled smart windows. The multifunctional smart window not only can be used as typical electrochromic window, which can change its color to dynamically control the solar radiation transmittance through windows or protect privacy during the day, but also can be used as energy‐storage device simultaneously. The designed smart window releases the stored energy to light the bulbs and power other electronic devices at night while its color gradually reverts to transparent state. Moreover, the level of stored energy can be monitored via the visually detectable reversible color variation of the window. The fascinating multifunctional smart windows exhibit promising features for a wide range of applications in buildings, airplanes, automobiles, etc. 相似文献
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Jiaqing Xiong Meng‐Fang Lin Jiangxin Wang Sheng Long Gaw Kaushik Parida Pooi See Lee 《Liver Transplantation》2017,7(21)
Realizing energy harvesting from water flow using triboelectric generators (TEGs) based on our daily wearable fabric or textile has practical significance. Challenges remain on methods to fabricate conformable TEGs that can be easily incorporated into waterproof textile, or directly harvest energy from water using hydrophobic textile. Herein, a wearable all‐fabric‐based TEG for water energy harvesting, with additional self‐cleaning and antifouling properties is reported for the first time. Hydrophobic cellulose oleoyl ester nanoparticles (HCOENPs) are prepared from microcrystalline cellulose, as a low‐cost and nontoxic coating material to achieve superhydrophobic coating on fabrics, including cotton, silk, flax, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (nylon), and polyurethane. The resultant PET fabric‐based water‐TEG can generate an instantaneous output power density of 0.14 W m?2 at a load resistance of 100 MΩ. An all‐fabric‐based dual‐mode TEG is further realized to harvest both the electrostatic energy and mechanical energy of water, achieving the maximum instantaneous output power density of 0.30 W m?2. The HCOENPs‐coated fabric provides excellent breathability, washability, and environmentally friendly fabric‐based TEGs, making it a promising wearable self‐powered system. 相似文献
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The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique has become extremely popular for studying protein-protein interactions in living cells and real time. Of particular interest is the ability to monitor interactions between G protein-coupled receptors, such as the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR), and proteins critical for regulating their function, such as beta-arrestin. Using TRHR/beta-arrestin interactions, we have demonstrated improvements to all 3 generations of BRET (BRET(1), BRET(2), and eBRET) by using the novel forms of luciferase, Rluc2 and Rluc8, developed by the Gambhir laboratory. Furthermore, for the 1st time it was possible to use the BRET2 system to detect ligand-induced G protein-coupled receptor/beta-arrestin interactions over prolonged periods (on the scale of hours rather than seconds) with a very stable signal. As demonstrated by our Z'-factor data, these luciferases increase the sensitivity of BRET to such an extent that they substantially increase the potential applicability of this technology for effective drug discovery high-throughput screening. 相似文献
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An urban cellular automata model has been designed, developed and tested for the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia as a research project. The model uses fuzzy set theory to capture the uncertainty associated with the transition rules and employs two automated methods of calibration: a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. This paper describes the results of the calibration process for three time periods: 1987–1997, 1997–2005 and 1987–2005, which are characterised by different patterns of urban development. Nine different scenarios have been devised to capture the effect of different primary drivers to development including transport, urban agglomeration and topography and their interactions. The results showed that the genetic algorithm produces a better calibrated model than parallel simulated annealing. The model that contains all primary drivers and all interactions produced the best performing calibrated model overall. 相似文献
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Batai (Falcataria moluccana) is a valuable tree species for forest plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia. Since 1993, a gall rust disease has caused
severe damage to all growth stages, from seedlings in the nursery to mature trees in the field. To identify the fungus causing
gall rust disease on F. moluccana in Malaysia and Indonesia, study of the mode of infection and changes in the anatomy of infected cells were carried out in
the anatomy laboratory. The disease in Malaysia and Indonesia is caused by Uromycladium tepperianum. The fungus produces three longitudinally ridged teliospores on each head, with spores measuring 13–20 μm wide and 17–28 μm
long. The fungus is microcyclic, completing its entire life cycle on F. moluccana. This study confirmed that the teliospores themselves cannot infect the host. Under favorable conditions, about 10 h after
inoculation, teliospores germinate to produce basidiospores that form penetration pegs about 6 h later, and it is this peg
which penetrates the host cells directly through the epidermis. Pycnia, recognized as small brown pustules, break through
the epidermis about 7 days after inoculation. 相似文献
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Shemon AN Sluyter R Fernando SL Clarke AL Dao-Ung LP Skarratt KK Saunders BM Tan KS Gu BJ Fuller SJ Britton WJ Petrou S Wiley JS 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(4):2079-2086
The P2X(7) receptor is a ligand-gated cation channel that is highly expressed on mononuclear leukocytes and that mediates ATP-induced apoptosis and killing of intracellular pathogens. There is a wide variation in P2X(7) receptor function between subjects, explained in part by four loss-of-function polymorphisms (R307Q, E496A, I568N, and a 5'-intronic splice site polymorphism), as well as rare mutations. In this study, we report the allele frequencies of 11 non-synonymous P2X(7) polymorphisms and describe a fifth loss-of-function polymorphism in the gene (1096C --> G), which changes Thr(357) to Ser (T357S) with an allele frequency of 0.08 in the Caucasian population. P2X(7) function was measured by ATP-induced ethidium(+) influx into peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and, when compared with wild-type subjects, was reduced to 10-65% in heterozygotes, 1-18% in homozygotes, and 0-10% in compound heterozygotes carrying T357S and a second loss-of-function polymorphism. Overexpression of the T357S mutant P2X(7) in either HEK-293 cells or Xenopus oocytes gave P2X(7) function of approximately 50% that of wild-type constructs. Differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, which also up-regulates P2X(7), restored P2X(7) function to near normal in cells heterozygous for T357S and to a value 50-65% of wild-type in cells homozygous for T357S or compound heterozygous for T357S/E496A. However, macrophages from subjects that are compound heterozygous for either T357S/R307Q or T357S/stop codon had near-to-absent P2X(7) function. These functional deficits induced by T357S were paralleled by impaired ATP-induced apoptosis and mycobacteria killing in macrophages from these subjects. Lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages from subjects homozygous for T357S or compound heterozygous for T357S and a second loss-of-function allele have reduced or absent P2X(7) receptor function. 相似文献