全文获取类型
收费全文 | 233篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1952年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有246条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Joaquin F Christiaens Sebastiaan E Van Mulders Jorge Duitama Chris A Brown Maarten G Ghequire Luc De Meester Jan Michiels Tom Wenseleers Karin Voordeckers Kevin J Verstrepen 《EMBO reports》2012,13(12):1145-1151
Gene duplication stimulates evolutionary innovation as the resulting paralogs acquire mutations that lead to sub‐ or neofunctionalization. A comprehensive in silico analysis of paralogs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that duplicates of cell‐surface and subtelomeric genes also undergo ectopic recombination, which leads to new chimaeric alleles. Mimicking such intergenic recombination events in the FLO (flocculation) family of cell‐surface genes shows that chimaeric FLO alleles confer different adhesion phenotypes than the parental genes. Our results indicate that intergenic recombination between paralogs can generate a large set of new alleles, thereby providing the raw material for evolutionary adaptation and innovation. 相似文献
62.
In recent years, the population dynamics of plankton in light- or nutrient-limited environments have been studied extensively. Their evolutionary dynamics, however, have received much less attention. Here, we used a modeling approach to study the evolutionary behavior of a population of plankton living in a mixed water column. Initially, the organisms are mixotrophic and thus have both autotrophic and heterotrophic abilities. Through evolution of their trophic preferences, however, they can specialize into separate autotrophs and heterotrophs. It was found that the light intensity gradient enables evolutionary branching and thus may result in the ecological specialization of the mixotrophs. By affecting the gradient, other environmental properties also acquire influence on this evolutionary process. Intermediate mixing intensities, large mixing depths, and high nutrient densities were found to facilitate evolutionary branching and thus specialization. Later results may explain why mixotrophs are often more dominant in oligotrophic systems while specialist strategies are associated with eutrophic systems. 相似文献
63.
64.
Quantitative estimation of root exudation of maize plants 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Summary The rate of root exudation of maize plants was estimated by measuring the rate of denitrification in a hermetically sealed root system. While CO2 production measured in the rhizosphere results both from root respiration and microbial respiration N2O production during nitrate respiration is solely related to the amount of root exudates available for bacterial degradation. With 4 week old plants growing in quartz sand or soil root exudation amounted to 7% of the net photosynthates. Calculations revealed that about 25% of the organic matter flowing into the root system was excreted into the rhizosphere. 相似文献
65.
Zusammenfassung Die von Maltschewsky angegebene Umwandlung von Azotobacter in morphologisch und physiologisch verschiedenartige Formen erwies sich als durch fehlerhafte Methodik sowie Verwendung unreiner Kulturen bedingt. 相似文献
66.
H. Stolp 《Archives of microbiology》1957,26(1):55-70
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
67.
A fast strong coupling algorithm for the partitioned fluid–structure interaction simulation of BMHVs
Sebastiaan Annerel Joris Degroote Tom Claessens Sigrid K. Dahl Bjørn Skallerud Leif Rune Hellevik 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2013,16(12):1281-1312
The numerical simulation of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves (BMHVs) has gained strong interest in the last years, as a design and optimisation tool. In this paper, a strong coupling algorithm for the partitioned fluid–structure interaction simulation of a BMHV is presented. The convergence of the coupling iterations between the flow solver and the leaflet motion solver is accelerated by using the Jacobian with the derivatives of the pressure and viscous moments acting on the leaflets with respect to the leaflet accelerations. This Jacobian is numerically calculated from the coupling iterations. An error analysis is done to derive a criterion for the selection of useable coupling iterations. The algorithm is successfully tested for two 3D cases of a BMHV and a comparison is made with existing coupling schemes. It is observed that the developed coupling scheme outperforms these existing schemes in needed coupling iterations per time step and CPU time. 相似文献
68.
Fablet R Pecquerie L de Pontual H Høie H Millner R Mosegaard H Kooijman SA 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e27055
Otoliths are biocalcified bodies connected to the sensory system in the inner ears of fish. Their layered, biorhythm-following formation provides individual records of the age, the individual history and the natural environment of extinct and living fish species. Such data are critical for ecosystem and fisheries monitoring. They however often lack validation and the poor understanding of biomineralization mechanisms has led to striking examples of misinterpretations and subsequent erroneous conclusions in fish ecology and fisheries management. Here we develop and validate a numerical model of otolith biomineralization. Based on a general bioenergetic theory, it disentangles the complex interplay between metabolic and temperature effects on biomineralization. This model resolves controversial issues and explains poorly understood observations of otolith formation. It represents a unique simulation tool to improve otolith interpretation and applications, and, beyond, to address the effects of both climate change and ocean acidification on other biomineralizing organisms such as corals and bivalves. 相似文献
69.
70.
Tatsuya J. Arai G. Kim Prisk Sebastiaan Holverda Rui Carlos Sá Rebecca J. Theilmann A. Cortney Henderson Matthew V. Cronin Richard B. Buxton Susan R. Hopkins 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2011,(51)
This demonstrates a MR imaging method to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in healthy subjects
during normoxia (inspired O2, fraction (FIO2) = 0.21) hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.125), and hyperoxia
(FIO2 = 1.00). In addition, the physiological responses of the subject are monitored in the MR scan environment. MR images
were obtained on a 1.5 T GE MRI scanner during a breath hold from a sagittal slice in the right lung at functional residual capacity. An arterial
spin labeling sequence (ASL-FAIRER) was used to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow 1,2 and a multi-echo fast
gradient echo (mGRE) sequence 3 was used to quantify the regional proton (i.e. H2O) density, allowing the quantification
of density-normalized perfusion for each voxel (milliliters blood per minute per gram lung tissue). With a pneumatic switching valve and facemask equipped with a 2-way non-rebreathing valve, different oxygen concentrations
were introduced to the subject in the MR scanner through the inspired gas tubing. A metabolic cart collected expiratory gas via expiratory tubing. Mixed expiratory O2 and CO2 concentrations, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio,
respiratory frequency and tidal volume were measured. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were monitored using pulse-oximetry.
Data obtained from a normal subject showed that, as expected, heart rate was higher in hypoxia (60 bpm) than during normoxia (51) or hyperoxia (50) and the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was reduced during hypoxia to 86%. Mean ventilation was 8.31 L/min BTPS during hypoxia, 7.04 L/min during normoxia, and 6.64 L/min during hyperoxia. Tidal volume was 0.76 L during hypoxia, 0.69 L during normoxia, and 0.67 L during hyperoxia. Representative quantified ASL data showed that the mean density normalized perfusion was 8.86 ml/min/g during hypoxia, 8.26 ml/min/g during normoxia and 8.46 ml/min/g during hyperoxia, respectively. In this subject, the relative dispersion4, an index of global heterogeneity, was increased in hypoxia (1.07 during hypoxia, 0.85 during normoxia, and 0.87 during hyperoxia) while the fractal dimension (Ds), another index of heterogeneity reflecting vascular branching structure, was unchanged (1.24 during hypoxia, 1.26 during normoxia, and 1.26 during hyperoxia). Overview. This protocol will demonstrate the acquisition of data to measure the distribution of pulmonary perfusion noninvasively under conditions of normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia using a magnetic resonance imaging technique known as arterial spin labeling (ASL). Rationale: Measurement of pulmonary blood flow and lung proton density using MR technique offers high spatial resolution images which can be quantified and the ability to perform repeated measurements under several different physiological conditions. In human studies, PET, SPECT, and CT are commonly used as the alternative techniques. However, these techniques involve exposure to ionizing radiation, and thus are not suitable for repeated measurements in human subjects.Download video file.(74M, mov) 相似文献