四川梅花鹿内脏系统初步解剖

对一只成年雌性四川梅花鹿内脏系统作了初步的观察和研究,其气管长440 mm;食道呈漏斗状,具伸缩性,粗细不等;胃属于反刍胃,包括瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃,容积分别占全部胃室的80%、6%、6.5%、7.5%;肠道全长是体长的12.79倍,小肠较发达,全长11 661.36 mm,占肠道总长的58.8%,具有较发达的盲肠;卵巢较小,子宫属于双角子宫.     

雌激素对中华鳖性腺分化及DMRT1、SOX9基因表达的影响

中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）性别决定的方式一直存在较大的争议,分子机制更是不清楚。在大部分脊椎动物中,雌激素在性别决定和性腺分化中扮演重要的调控作用。实验通过对性别分化前胚胎进行雌二醇（E2）和芳香化酶抑制剂（AI）处理,研究雌激素在中华鳖性腺分化中的作用及机理。实验结果显示,与对照组（雌性比例49%）相比,E2处理组中雌性中华鳖仔鳖比例显著增加,高达92.3%;而在AI处理组中,雌性比例显著下调至13.1%。HE染色分析表明,ZZ（雄性）和ZW（雌性）胚胎分别经过E2和AI处理后,ZZ和ZW性腺结构呈现明显的雌性化和雄性化特征。同时,通过RT-PCR和免疫荧光染色发现,E2能显著降低雄性性别关键因子DMRT1和SOX9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;AI则表现相反的调节作用。综上所述,雌激素通过抑制雄性性别关键因子DMRT1和SOX9的表达来抑制雄性分化,促进雌性分化,揭示雌激素在中华鳖雌性性别分化中起着重要的调控作用。       

超声心动图与血浆BNP、和肽素、hs-CRP对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的评估价值分析

目的:研究超声心动图与血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、和肽素及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能的评估价值。方法:将我院从2017年3月～2020年3月收治的100例CHF患者纳入研究。将其按照美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级标准分成Ⅰ级33例,Ⅱ级21例,Ⅲ级25例,Ⅳ级21例。对所有患者均进行超声心动图检查,分析相关参数的差异。检测并对比所有患者血浆BNP、和肽素以及hs-CRP水平。采用Pearson相关性分析超声心动图相关参数与血浆BNP、和肽素及hs-CRP水平的关系。结果:心功能分级Ⅰ～Ⅳ级患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)呈逐渐降低趋势,而左房内径(LAD)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)均呈逐渐升高趋势(P0.05),血浆BNP、和肽素及hs-CRP水平均呈逐渐升高趋势(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得:CHF患者LVEF与血浆BNP、和肽素及hs-CRP均呈负相关(r=-0.621、-0.534、-0.635,P0.05),而LAD、LVEDD与血浆BNP、和肽素及hs-CRP均呈正相关(r=0.582、0.602、0.511,r=0.547、0.592、0.615,P0.05)。结论:超声心动图及血浆BNP、和肽素、hs-CRP用于评估CHF患者心功能均效果显著,且联合检测具有协同互补的作用,实现对CHF患者病情严重程度更为精准的评估。     

结核分枝杆菌16-kDa α晶体蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:利用基因工程技术原核表达并纯化结核分枝杆菌α晶体蛋白(Acr)。方法:以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增Acr的编码基因,以pCold为载体构建重组质粒,再转化到表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,用IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析和纯化该表达产物。结果:构建了具有正确基因序列的Acr重组表达质粒,重组Acr在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经低温诱导得到可溶性表达;分别用6×His的单克隆抗体和16-kDa单克隆抗体对表达产物进行Western印迹分析,结果显示在相对分子质量约19 000处均有特异性条带,与预计大小吻合;纯化后蛋白纯度达90%,浓度达0.8 mg/mL。结论:表达了重组可溶性Acr,为深入研究该蛋白的生物学、免疫学活性奠定了基础。     

抗人肝癌单抗片段抗体HAb18F(ab')_2的冻干工艺研究

选择适合于HAb18F(ab')2片段抗体的冻干保护剂及其冻干工艺,是确保该生物制品的质量关键之一,对不同种类和不同浓度的保护剂进行了研究,结果表明10%蔗糖对HAb18F(ab')2片段抗体冻干样品的剂型、外观、残水量(<3%)、复溶时间(<10s)、纯度(>95%)及稳定性没有影响。研究优化与保护剂相结合的适用于HAb18F(ab')2片段抗体的最佳冻干工艺,为抗体片段扩大生产提供依据。     

大气颗粒物污染对土地覆盖变化的响应

土地利用-覆盖变化(LUCC)直接或间接影响颗粒物污染。了解颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应,对维护和改善生态环境具有重要的意义。基于卫星遥感技术,从广域的空间尺度分析颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应。使用MODIS数据分别提取与颗粒物污染相关性较高的城市用地、林地等土地利用类型,确定土地利用类型的变化趋势,利用长时间序列MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol optical depth)产品分析颗粒物污染与土地利用类型的变化的相关性。以山东省青岛市、淄博市、济南市3个典型城市为例,研究了AOD随土地利用类型的变化趋势。同时,考虑并分析了颗粒物污染对土地利用变化响应的敏感性,以及城市区域变化对环境的影响。研究结果表明,不同的城市类型,由于决定环境变化主导因素的差异,颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应具有明显的差异。青岛市地区,由于受海洋影响显著,大气颗粒物污染与LUCC的相关性较低,如中度污染天气与林地的相关系数为-0.451;而淄博市和济南市的相关系数分别为-0.473、-0.507。     

络合型含铁材料对砷胁迫下水稻生理生化特性及砷累积的影响

土壤重金属与农产品质量息息相关.本研究通过设置砷胁迫条件下水稻种植盆栽试验,分析络合型含铁材料不同施用时期和不同施用量对水稻SPAD值、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性以及水稻砷吸收、累积的影响.结果表明,砷胁迫对水稻SOD、POD、CAT活性有着不同程度的抑制作用,添加络合型含铁材料可以降低水稻MDA含量,缓解砷对水稻光合作用和SOD、POD、CAT活性的抑制;同时能减少水稻对土壤砷的吸收和累积.与移栽前添加络合型含铁材料相比,选择水稻孕穗期前添加络合型含铁材料,水稻砷吸收的抑制效果较好;水稻植株地上部砷含量与络合型含铁材料的添加浓度呈显著负相关,孕穗期前添加0.2 g·kg-1络合型含铁材料对水稻植株砷的吸收抑制效果最好,水稻植株地上部砷含量降低59.22%.     

Dominant CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Responses Suppress Expansion of Vaccine-Elicited Subdominant T Lymphocytes in Rhesus Monkeys Challenged with Pathogenic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Emerging data suggest that a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against a diversity of epitopes confers greater protection against a human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus infection than does a more focused response. To facilitate the creation of vaccine strategies that will generate cellular immune responses with the greatest breadth, it will be important to understand the mechanisms employed by the immune response to regulate the relative magnitudes of dominant and nondominant epitope-specific cellular immune responses. In this study, we generated dominant Gag p11C- and subdominant Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses in Mamu-A*01⁺ rhesus monkeys through vaccination with plasmid DNA and recombinant adenovirus encoding simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) proteins. Infection of vaccinated Mamu-A*01⁺ rhesus monkeys with a SHIV Gag Δp11C mutant virus generated a significantly increased expansion of the Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte response in the absence of secondary Gag p11C-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses. These results indicate that the presence of the Gag p11C-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte response following virus challenge may exert suppressive effects on primed Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses. These findings suggest that immunodomination exerted by dominant responses during SHIV infection may diminish the breadth of recall responses primed during vaccination.CD8⁺ T lymphocyte responses play a central role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections in nonhuman primates (18, 20, 29, 41). Naturally occurring virus-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses typically focus on a limited number of dominant epitopes (52). However, accumulating data indicate that a broad cellular immune response, in which multiple viral epitopes are recognized by CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, confers better protection against viral replication than a restricted cellular immune response (26, 33). Therefore, it has been suggested that increasing the magnitude of subdominant epitope-specific responses may increase the breadth of a cellular immune response and provide enhanced protection against HIV/SIV replication.An understanding of the factors that influence the immunodominance hierarchy of viral epitopes will be needed to develop vaccination strategies that can generate the greatest breadth of virus-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses. Differences in antigen processing, competition between epitope peptides for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, TCR affinity for peptide class I complexes, and immunodomination have been shown to contribute to the dominance of an epitope-specific response (6, 10, 24, 32, 45, 52). In addition, studies have shown that immunodominance patterns for T-lymphocyte epitopes may differ following a primary and secondary exposure to the same viral antigen (4, 5, 43).In the present study, we observed that Mamu-A*01⁺ rhesus monkeys primed with plasmid DNA and boosted with recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vaccines encoding SIVmac239 Gag-Pol-Nef and HIV-1 Env proteins generated Gag p11C- and Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses of comparable magnitude. However, while there was a significant expansion of Gag p11C-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte populations following challenge with pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P (SHIV-89.6P), there was no significant expansion of the Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte populations. We hypothesized that factors influencing the relative immunodominance of the primed Gag p11C- and Env p41A-specific CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte responses after viral challenge may have contributed to the observed differences in their secondary expansion. In the present study, we sought to identify the potential factors contributing to this immunodominance.     

Akirin基因研究进展

Akirin是近来发现的在骨骼肌生长发育和免疫反应中具有重要作用的基因。简要综述了akirin基因与免疫反应、骨骼肌发育和再生、myostatin基因和NF-κB因子的关系,同时分析了禽类akirin2基因的研究进展,最后对akirin基因的应用前景也进行了简单探讨,以期为akirin基因在医学和畜牧业中的深入研究和应用提供参考。