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181.
Brenda J. Biggs Michael K. Smith Kenneth J. Scott 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1986,6(3):229-234
Cassava fertility and seed viability are frequently low, which can be a disadvantage in a breeding programme. An embryo culture method is described whereby embryonic axes are excised from mature seeds and placed on a culture medium containing 1.23 M indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 30°C under continuous light. The number of plants recovered by embryo culture was much greater than the number recovered from conventional seed germination procedures. 相似文献
182.
Sulfate inhibition of molybdate assimilation by planktonic algae and bacteria: some implications for the aquatic nitrogen cycle 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Molybdenum is required for both dinitrogen fixation and nitrate assimilation. In oxic waters the primary form of molybdenum is the molybdate anion. Using radioactive [99Mol Na2MoO4, we have shown that the transport of molybdate by a natural assemblage of freshwater phytoplankton is light-dependent and follows typical saturation kinetics. The molybdate anion is strikingly similar to sulfate and we present data to show that sulfate is a competitive inhibitor of molybdate assimilation by planktonic algae and bacteria. The ability of freshwater phytoplankton to transport molybdate is inhibited at sulfate concentrations as low as 5% of those in seawater and at sulfate: molybdate ratios as low as 50 to 100 times lower than those found in seawater, Similarly, the growth of both a freshwater bacterium and a saltwater diatom was inhibited at sulfate: molybdate ratios lower than those in seawater.The ratio of sulfate to molybdate is 10 to 100 times greater in seawater than in fresh water. This unfavorable sulfate: molybdate ratio may make molybdate less biologically available in the sea. The sulfate: molybdate ratio may explain, in part, the low rates of nitrogen fixation in N-limited salt waters. 相似文献
183.
Scott L. Hooper Michael B. O'Neil Robert Wagner John Ewer Jorge Golowasch Eve Marder 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1986,159(2):227-240
Summary The muscles of the pyloric region of the stomach of the crab,Cancer borealis, are innervated by motorneurons found in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). Electrophysiological recording and stimulating techniques were used to study the detailed pattern of innervation of the pyloric region muscles. Although there are two Pyloric Dilator (PD) motorneurons in lobsters, previous work reported four PD motorneurons in the crab STG (Dando et al. 1974; Hermann 1979a, b). We now find that only two of the crab PD neurons innervate muscles homologous to those innervated by the PD neurons in the lobster,Panulirus interrruptus. The remaining two PD neurons innervate muscles that are innervated by pyloric (PY) neurons inP. interruptus. The innervation patterns of the Lateral Pyloric (LP), Ventricular Dilator (VD), Inferior Cardiac (IC), and PY neurons were also determined and compared with those previously reported in lobsters. Responses of the muscles of the pyloric region to the neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate, were determined by application of exogenous cholinergic agonists and glutamate. The effect of the cholinergic antagonist, curare, on the amplitude of the excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) evoked by stimulation of the pyloric motor nerves was measured. These experiments suggest that the differences in innervation pattern of the pyloric muscles seen in crab and lobsters are also associated with a change in the neurotransmitter active on these muscles. Possible implications of these findings for phylogenetic relations of decapod crustaceans and for the evolution of neural circuits are discussed.Abbreviations
ACh
acetylcholine
-
Carb
carbamylcholine
-
cpv
muscles of the cardio-pyloric valve
-
cpv7n
nerve innervating muscle cpv7
-
cv
muscles of the ventral cardiac ossicles
-
cv1n
nerve innervating muscle cvl
-
cv2n
nerve innervating muscle cv2
-
EJP
excitatory junctional potential
-
IC
inferior cardiac neuron
-
IV
inferior ventricular neuron
-
IVN
inferior ventricular nerve
-
LP
lateral pyloric neuron
-
LPG
lateral posterior gastric neuron
-
lvn
lateral ventricular nerve
-
mvn
medial ventricular nerve
-
p
muscles of the pylorus
-
PD
pyloric dilator neuron
-
PD
in
intrinsic PD neuron
-
PD
ex
extrinsic PD neuron
-
pdn
pyloric dilator nerve
-
PY
pyloric neuron
-
pyn
pyloric nerve
-
STG
stomatogastric ganglion
-
VD
ventricular dilator neuron 相似文献
184.
Osbertia, a stoloniferous group confined to the montane regions of Mexico and adjacent Guatemala, was first proposed as a genus byGreene (1895), but most workers have retained the taxon as part ofHaplopappus. It is clearly closer toNoticastrum, Erigeron orHeterotheca than it is toHaplopappus sensu stricto. The present treatment recognizes two species, a widespread highly variableOsbertia stolonifera and a newly describedO. chihuahuana from northwestern Mexico. Distribution maps, distinguishing features, full synonymy and illustrations are presented. 相似文献
185.
Abstract Protein synthesis in Rhodomicrobium vannielii swarmer cells, incubated anaerobically in the dark, is dependent upon a rifampicin-sensitive step, indicating a dependence upon de novo RNA synthesis. In addition, toluene treatment has shown that the motile, non-differentiating swarmer cells have the capacity to initiate and sustain RNA synthesis. The major form of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for this RNA synthesis has been identified. 相似文献
186.
A total of 161 patients completed a questionnaire about their pattern of taking the oral contraceptive pill. Only 28% (45) of patients were taking the pill according to the manufacturer''s instructions, and in the event of the pill being missed only 26% of patients would use a sheath. A tenth of the patients believed that amenorrhoea always indicated pregnancy, but 35% believed that amenorrhoea was harmful to the body. This group did not differ in their pill taking from the remaining 65% of patients. 相似文献
187.
188.
We have constructed (in vitro) a set of P1 miniplasmids. The smallest of these that could function as an independent replicon contained the right side of EcoRI-5 plus all of EcoRI-8. Those miniplasmids that lack EcoRI-6 induce the SOS pathway of the cell as shown by (i) increased expression of the recA operon, (ii) excision of the cryptic genetic element e14, (iii) spontaneous induction of lambda, and (iv) dependence of e14 excision on recA+ function. This induction was contingent upon the replication of the P1 Km miniplasmids from their P1 origin and, thus, was apparently caused by an aberrant initiation of DNA replication. When P1 EcoRI-6 was present in cis or trans with a P1 Km miniplasmid, neither e14 nor lambda was excised, but the expression of the recA operon was still induced. These results suggest that P1 EcoRI fragments 5 and 8 are insufficient for normal replication, and thus our P1 Km miniplasmids induced SOS functions. A product of EcoRI-6 may partially restore normal replication. 相似文献
189.
Bovine corneal endothelial cells adhered equally well to a variety of collagens (types I, III, IV and V) consistent with a role for fibronectin in this process. They did not exhibit a preferential binding to collagen type IV—as might be anticipated if laminin were to play a significant role in their adhesion. Inhibition studies with anti-fibronectin antibodies demonstrated the importance of endogenous fibronectin in the mediation of attachment. Consistent with this, binding did not appear to require the presence of exogenous protein, since cells bound to collagens equally well in the presence or absence of added fibronectin and binding was not stimulated by pretreatment of collagens with this protein. 相似文献
190.
The ability of concanavalin A (conA) to disrupt food vacuole elimination at the cytoproct of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain GL-C, was investigated using fluorescence microscopy and thin section electron microscopy. ConA was found to induce "tails" in Tetrahymena. These tails were specifically stained by fluorescent conA. Thin section observations of conA-treated cells revealed that these tails were the result of abnormal egestion of food vacuole contents at the cytoproct. Tail formation appears to result from an inhibition of endocytosis of food vacuole membrane during egestion. Instead, the food vacuole membrane appears to be cast out of the cell, along with the contents of the vacuole. The mechanism of this inhibition may be related to an apparent absence of microtubules or microfilamentous mat in the cytoproct region of conA-treated cells. Although conA is ingested into food vacuoles in large amounts, conA appears to affect endocytosis only from outside the cell; ingested conA does not appear to be effective. ConA may exert its influence by binding to the cytoproct region. The ability of conA to induce tail formation is inhibited by sugars specific to it. Numerous membranous vesicles are found in association with the oral cilia and cytoproct region of conA-treated cells. These vesicles may be the conA-binding material reported to be secreted by Tetrahymena. 相似文献