Colour-blind drivers' perception of traffic signals.

There is a dangerous and widespread assumption that colour-blind drivers drive as safely as drivers with normal vision. Colour-blind drivers have difficulties recognizing traffic and vehicle signals. However, simple and practical solutions such as changes to the design, colour and shape of signals will aid these drivers.     

Widespread cutaneous candidiasis and tinea infection masking mycosis fungoides

A 71-year-old female with a widespread double mycotic infection caused byC. Albicans andT. rubrum was discovered to be suffering from mycosis fungoides. Clinically she was found to have large, polycyclic erythematous plaques with scaly, slightly infiltrated borders, covering almost all areas of the glabrous skin, and also involving the scalp (with no hair penetration), the soles and palms, toe-webs, finger and toe nails; there was also perleche and oral thrush. Cultures yieldedC. albicans from most of the skin lesions, from the scalp, mouth, finger nails and urine and stool specimens, andT. rubrum from intermingled skin specimens, from the palms and soles and toe-nails. Blood culture was negative as were intracutaneous tests with fungal antigens and tuberculin. Histological examination confirmed the fungal invasion of the horny layer and at the same time revealed an underlying pathologic picture of mycosis fungoides, the lesions having been masked by the mycotic eruption. Intensive cytostatic and antifungal therapy led to a transient improvement but shortly thereafter there was a relapse of the fungal and lymphoproliferative manifestations and the patient died in septic shock.

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Résumé Une femme, agée 71 ans, ayant une double infection mycosique due àC. albicans et auT. rubrum, a été décélée qu'elle souffrait aussi d'un mycosis fungoïde. Au point de vue clinique elle avait de larges plaques érythémato-squameuses, polycicliques, aux bords légèrement infiltrés, répandues sur une grande partie de la peau glabre, paumes et plantes inclus, et affectant aussi le cuir chevelu (sans pénétration des poils), les ongles des doigts et des orteils. Les cultures ont permis d'isoler leC. albicans à partir de la majorité des lésions de la peau et du cuir chevelu, des ongles des doigts, ainsi que de la bouche, de l'urine et des selles. On a trouvé aussiT. rubrum dans des lésions cutanées entremêlées aux precedentes, dans la région palmaire et plantaire et dans les ongles des orteils. Les testes intradermiques aux antigens fongiques et à tuberculine ont été négatifs, ainsi que les hémocultures. L'examen histologique a montré l'invasion de la couche cornée par les champignons et en même temps a découvert un tableau pathologique sous-jacent d'un mycosis fungoïde, ayant été masqué par l'éruption fongique. Un traitement intensif par des produits cytostatiques et antifongiques a mené à une amélioration temporaire, mais brièvement après on a assisté à une réchute rapide des manifestations lymphoprolifératives et fongiques et la malade a décédé à la suite d'un état septique.

     

Mechanism of the suppression of the spinal pain syndrome by serotonin derivatives

The ability of serotonin derivatives to stimulate cAMP accumulation in isolated nerve terminals and lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord of normal rats was compared. The effect of the compounds on the intensity of spinal pain syndrome was also assessed. It has been established that substitutes injected into NH2-group of serotonin in 5-OH position attenuate the ability to stimulate cAMP accumulation in synaptosomes, with the effect more pronounced with substitutes of larger volume. A certain correlation between the ability of serotonin derivatives to stimulate adenylate cyclase in vivo and in vitro, on the one hand, and their analgetic effect, on the other hand, is suggested.     

Antigen-binding activity,structural characteristics and use of monoclonal antibodies to human alpha-1-microglobulin

Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), G6, F9, H8, and B2, against human alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) have been produced and characterized. The parameters of affinity (K_p ～ 10⁹ M^?1), epitope specificity (the additively binding G6/F9, G6/H8, G6/B2, F9/H8, and F9/B2 pairs), and the observed effect of reversibility of structural changes induced by chemical agents allow use of these mAbs in biospecific methods of A1M purification and quantitative determination. The application of mAbs to an A1M enzyme immunoassay (analytical sensitivity—0.5 μg/l) and one step isolation of pure A1M by immunoaffinity chromatography was described.     

Ultrastructural changes in the neurons and interneuronal synapses of the hypothalamus in the progeny of morphine-dependent rats

The electron microscopic method has revealed early maturation of the protein-synthesizing apparatus of some cells, on the one hand, and underdevelopment of neuroblast volumes, appearance of artificial contacts, axonal degeneration and destruction in large trunks, on the other hand. Compensatory-restorative processes in the cell on the 14th and 21st days of the postnatal development result in a complete restoration of morphological organization of neurons and interneuronal connections in the hypothalamus of offspring of the morphine-dependent rats.     

Density gradient analysis of newly replicated DNA from synchronized mouse lymphoma cells

The replication of DNA in synchronous cultures of mouse lymphoma cells was investigated by use of CsCl density gradient centrifugation. We found that the buoyant density of newly replicated DNA depended upon the particular stage of S phase in which synthesis occurred. In early S phase, newly replicated DNA exhibited buoyant densities which were slightly higher, on the average, than that of pre-existing DNA. As S phase progressed, newly replicated DNA shifted to lower buoyant densities, until, near the end of S phase, densities less than pre-existing DNA were observed. These observations are discussed in terms of their possible relevance to base compositional differences between nucleotide sequences made in early as opposed to middle or late S phase.     

MIAH: automatic alignment of eukaryotic SSU rRNAs.

SUMMARY: MIAH is a WWW server for the automatic alignment of new eukaryotic SSU rRNA sequences to an existing alignment of 1500 sequences. AVAILABILITY: http://chah.ucc.ie/MIAH Contact :     

Seasonal changes in the ruminal microflora of the high-arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus).

The dominant rumen bacteria in high-arctic Svalbard reindeer were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and ruminal pH was determined in summer, when food quality and availability are good, and in winter, when they are poor. In summer the total cultured viable population density was (2.09 +/- 1.26) X 10(10) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (0.36 +/- 0.29) X 10(10) cells ml-1, representing a decrease to 17% of the summer population density. On culture, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens represented 22% of the bacterial population in summer and 30% in winter. Streptococcus bovis represented 17% of the bacterial population in summer but only 4% in winter. Methanogenic bacteria were present at 10(4) cells ml-1 in summer and 10(7) cells ml-1 in winter. In summer and winter, respectively, the proportions of the viable population showing the following activities were as follows: starch utilization, 68 and 63%; fiber digestion, 31 and 74%; cellulolysis, 15 and 35%; xylanolysis, 30 and 58%; proteolysis, 51 and 28%; ureolysis, 40 and 54%; and lactate utilization, 13 and 4%. The principal cellulolytic bacterium was B. fibrisolvens, which represented 66 and 52% of the cellulolytic population in summer and winter, respectively. The results indicate that the microflora of the rumen of Svalbard reindeer is highly effective in fiber digestion and nitrogen metabolism, allowing the animals to survive under the austere nutritional conditions typical of their high-arctic habitat.