The essential oils of chamaebatiaria millefolium, chamabatia australis, and chamaebatia foliolosa (Rosaceae) and comments on “Chamaebatiaria Multiflorium” and “Chamaebatiaria nelleae” as medicinal plants

The essential oil ofChamaebatiaria millefolium from California is dominated by 24.90 ± 4.46% camphor, 17.36 ± 4.23% borneol, 11.17 ± 4.26% camphene, and 10.95 ± 4.59% α-pinene. The essential oil ofChamaebatia australis from California is dominated by no constituent greater than 10% but contains 7.07 ± 0.97% δ-cadinene, 6.84 ± 1.47% terpinen-4-ol, and 5.46 ± 1.50% linalool. The essential oil ofChamaebatia foliolosa from California is dominated by 12.90 ± 3.67% unidentified sesquiterpene alcohol and 15.96 ± 6.61% viridiflorol. No scientific literature exists to substantiate the medicinal claims for “Chamae Rose.” Neither Chamaebatiaria multiflorium norChamabatiaria nelleae exist in the scientific literature.     

Receptor tyrosine kinase-G-protein coupled receptor complex signaling in mammalian cells

We describe here formation of a novel functional signaling complex between RTK and GPCRπ. This permits the use of activated G-protein subunits by the RTK in response to growth factor and that are made available by the constitutive activity of the GPCR or by binding of ligand to the latter. Moreover, β-arrestin associates with the receptor complex and participates in growth factor-dependent recruitment of c-Src, whereupon the kinase is activated by Gβγ subunits. This enables signal relay to down-stream effectors such as p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. The novel RTK–GPCR complex is involved in regulating important cellular responses, such as growth and cell migration, and dysfunction of this complex might play a significant role in hyperplasic disease states.     

Autoradiography ofCoelopa frigida (Diptera) embryos,after labeling with3H-uridine during various phases of oogenesis

Summary The distribution of tritiated (³H) uridine or its derivatives in embryos of the kelp flyCoelopa frigida is analyzed by autoradiography. The radioactive label is introduced into the growing oocyte, after injectio into females at different time periods post eclosion. The majority of the label remains in the cytoplasm for the entire embryonic development and is presumably incorporated into stable RNA. Only when the precursor is injected toward the final stages of oogenesis, can presence of label be detected in the nuclei, for a short time period during the blastodern stage. Since no preferential location in nucleoli is found, it appears possible that labeled cytidine could have been derived from the original precursor which would be available for incorporation into DNA.