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91.
M Tangney GT Winters WJ Mitchell 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2001,27(5):298-306
The utilization of maltose by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was investigated. Glucose was used preferentially to maltose, when both substrates were present in the medium. Maltose
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) activity was detected in extracts prepared from cultures
grown on maltose, but not glucose or sucrose, as the sole carbon source. Extract fractionation and PTS reconstitution experiments
revealed that the specificity for maltose is contained entirely within the membrane in this organism. A putative gene system
for the maltose PTS was identified (from the C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 genome sequence), encoding an enzyme IIMal and a maltose 6-phosphate hydrolase.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 298–306.
Received 12 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 30 November 2000 相似文献
92.
WJ Richardson DD van der Voort E Wilson JE Moore Jr. 《Molecular & cellular biomechanics : MCB》2013,10(3):245-265
Non-uniform stress and strain fields are prevalent in many tissues in vivo, and often exacerbated by disease or injury. These mechanical gradients potentially play a role in contributing to pathological conditions, presenting a need for experimental tools to allow investigation of cell behavior within non-uniformly stimulated environments. Herein, we employ two in vitro cell-stretching devices (one previously published; one newly presented) capable of subjecting cells to cyclic, non-uniform stretches upon the surface of either a circular elastomeric membrane or a cylindrical PDMS tube. After 24 hours of cyclic stretch, 10T1/2 cells on both devices showed marked changes in long-axis orientation, with tendencies to align parallel to the direction of minimal deformation. The degree of this response varied depending on location within the stretch gradients. These results demonstrated the feasibility of conducting cell mechanobiology investigations with the two novel devices, while also highlighting the experimental capabilities of non-uniform mechanical environments for these types of studies. Such capabilities include robust data collection for developing mechanobiological dose-response curves, signal threshold identification, and potential spatial targeting for drug delivery. 相似文献
93.
Zack Saud Victoria J. Tyrrell Andreas Zaragkoulias Majd B. Protty Evelina Statkute Anzelika Rubina Kirsten Bentley Daniel A. White Patricia Dos Santos Rodrigues Robert C. Murphy Harald Köfeler William J. Griffiths Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta Richard William Brown Robert G. Newcombe James Heyman Manon Pritchard Robert WJ. Mcleod Richard J. Stanton 《Journal of lipid research》2022,63(6):100208
The lipid envelope of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an essential component of the virus; however, its molecular composition is undetermined. Addressing this knowledge gap could support the design of antiviral agents as well as further our understanding of viral-host protein interactions, infectivity, pathogenicity, and innate immune system clearance. Lipidomics revealed that the virus envelope comprised mainly phospholipids (PLs), with some cholesterol and sphingolipids, and with cholesterol/phospholipid ratio similar to lysosomes. Unlike cellular membranes, procoagulant amino-PLs were present on the external side of the viral envelope at levels exceeding those on activated platelets. Accordingly, virions directly promoted blood coagulation. To investigate whether these differences could enable selective targeting of the viral envelope in vivo, we tested whether oral rinses containing lipid-disrupting chemicals could reduce infectivity. Products containing PL-disrupting surfactants (such as cetylpyridinium chloride) met European virucidal standards in vitro; however, components that altered the critical micelle concentration reduced efficacy, and products containing essential oils, povidone-iodine, or chlorhexidine were ineffective. This result was recapitulated in vivo, where a 30-s oral rinse with cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash eliminated live virus in the oral cavity of patients with coronavirus disease 19 for at least 1 h, whereas povidone-iodine and saline mouthwashes were ineffective. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 lipid envelope i) is distinct from the host plasma membrane, which may enable design of selective antiviral approaches; ii) contains exposed phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, which may influence thrombosis, pathogenicity, and inflammation; and iii) can be selectively targeted in vivo by specific oral rinses. 相似文献
94.
Thomas J Lee Yannick Pouliot Valerie Wagner Priyanka Gupta David WJ Stringer-Calvert Jessica D Tenenbaum Peter D Karp 《BMC bioinformatics》2006,7(1):170-14
Background
This article addresses the problem of interoperation of heterogeneous bioinformatics databases. 相似文献95.
96.
Manon JM van Oosten Radboud JEM Dolhain Jan W Koper Elisabeth FC van Rossum Marieke Emonts Khik H Han Jacques MGW Wouters Johanne MW Hazes Steven WJ Lamberts Richard A Feelders 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(4):R159
Introduction
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an important regulatory role in the immune system. Four polymorphisms in the GR gene are associated with differences in glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity; the minor alleles of the polymorphisms N363 S and BclI are associated with relative hypersensitivity to GCs, while those of the polymorphisms ER22/23EK and 9β are associated with relative GC resistance. Because differences in GC sensitivity may influence immune effector functions, we examined whether these polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to develop Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and RA disease severity. 相似文献97.
Mohamed M Thabet Thomas WJ Huizinga Désirée M van der Heijde Annette HM van der Helm-van Mil 《Arthritis research & therapy》2009,11(5):R155
Introduction
Undifferentiated arthritis (UA) has a variable disease course; 40 to 50% of UA patients remit spontaneously, while 30% develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Identifying the UA patients who will develop RA is essential to initiate early disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Although the presence of bone erosions at baseline is predictive for a severe destructive disease course in RA, the prognostic importance of erosive joints for disease outcome in UA is unknown. This study evaluates the predictive value of erosive joints for the disease outcome in UA as measured by RA development and disease persistency. 相似文献98.
Sema Nickbakhsh Louise Matthews Paul R Bessell Stuart WJ Reid Rowland R Kao 《BMC veterinary research》2011,7(1):1-16
Background
The United Kingdom (UK) government has been recording the births, deaths, and movements of cattle for the last decade. Despite reservations about the accuracy of these data, they represent a large and valuable body of information about the demographics of the UK cattle herd and its contact structure. In this article, a range of demographic data about UK cattle, and particularly their movements, are presented, as well as yearly trends in the patterns of movements.Results
A clear seasonal pattern is evident in the number of movements of cattle, as are the reductions in movement volume due to foot and mouth disease outbreaks in 2001 and 2007. The distribution of ages of cattle at their time of death is multimodal, and the impact of the over thirty months rule is marked. Most movements occur between agricultural holdings, markets, and slaughterhouses, and there is a non-random pattern to the types of holdings movements occur between. Most animals move only a short distance and a few times in their life. Most movements between any given pair of holdings only occurred once in the last 10 years, but about a third occurred between 2 and 10 times in that period. There is no clear trend to movement patterns in the UK since 2002.Conclusions
Despite a substantial number of regulatory interventions during the last decade, movement patterns show no clear trend since 2002. The observed patterns in the repeatability of movements, the types of holdings involved in movements, the distances and frequencies of cattle movements, and the batch sizes involved give an insight into the structure of the UK cattle industry, and could act as the basis for a predictive model of livestock movements in the UK. 相似文献99.
We examined the phylogenetic relationships of 16 northern species of the
aplocheiloid genus Rivulus inhabiting the Caribbean, Central America, and
South America. A total of 714 base pairs per taxon were sequenced from two
segments of the mitochondrial genome, 12S rRNA and cytochrome b. Both
parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses suggest an ancient vicariant origin
of the Greater Antillean taxa, in addition to a quite recent dispersal of
species into the Lesser Antilles from the South American mainland. Combined
analyses support the monophyly of the northern South American assemblage as
the sister group of a Central American/Columbian biota. However, the
monophyly of the Central American biota remains uncertain. Divergence
estimates for the Central American taxa are calibrated from the Last
Cretaceous separation of the proto-Antilles from the Americas. These data
suggest that the extant Central American taxa represent the descendants of
at least two separate invasions during the Cenozoic, prior to the closing
of the Panamanian isthmus. Times are consistent with the extensive evidence
for reptilian and mammalian exchange throughout the Cenozoic.
相似文献
100.
A computational method is presented for characterizing residue usage, i.e.,
site-specific residue frequencies, in aligned protein sequences. The method
obtains frequency estimates that maximize the likelihood of the sequences
in a simple model for sequence evolution, given a tree or a set of
candidate trees computed by other methods. These maximum- likelihood
frequencies constitute a profile of the sequences, and thus the method
offers a rigorous alternative to sequence weighting for constructing such a
profile. The ability of this method to discard misleading phylogenetic
effects allows the biochemical propensities of different positions in a
sequence to be more clearly observed and interpreted.
相似文献