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A. Lein M. Klinkowski F. Scholz Gottwalt Christian Hirsch Jörg Schöneich R. Schubert Paula Hertwig Schultze-Motel S. Danert Alfred Lein H. Stelter Otto Wettstein Friedrich Fabig H. Schumm Wuttky R. Schick H. -A. Freye F. Weiser 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1963,33(7):307-312
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
205.
Interference with ethylene perception at receptor level sheds light on auxin and transcriptional circuits associated with the climacteric ripening of apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.) 下载免费PDF全文
Marco Moretto Alberto Ferrarini Paola Tononi Brian Farneti Nicola Busatto Urska Vrhovsek Alessandra dal Molin Carla Avanzato Franco Biasioli Luca Cappellin Matthias Scholz Riccardo Velasco Livio Trainotti Massimo Delledonne Fabrizio Costa 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2016,88(6):963-975
206.
Fischer R Tomé D McGhee JR Boyaka PN 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,357(1):44-49
Most current animal models focus on eosinophil-mediated asthma, despite compelling evidence that a neutrophil-mediated disease occurs in some asthma patients. Using intranasal challenge of mice sensitized either orally or nasally with whole peanut protein extract in the presence of cholera toxin, we developed mouse models of eosinophil- and neutrophil-mediated asthma, respectively. In this study, mice deficient in Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) or Th2 (IL-4 and IL-13) pathways were used to characterize the role played by Th1 and Th2 cytokines during the initial priming phase in the two models. Antigen-specific Ab responses were controlled primarily by Th2 cytokines in mice sensitized by the oral route, whereas Th1 cytokines appeared to play a predominant role in mice sensitized by the nasal route. Furthermore, the absence of key Th1 or Th2 cytokines during the initial phase of priming reduced lung reactivity in both mouse models of airway inflammation. 相似文献
207.
Andrea Polle Lars O. Baumbusch Christa Oschinski Monika Eiblmeier Vivian Kuhlenkamp Birgit Vollrath Florian Scholz Heinz Rennenberg 《Oecologia》1999,121(2):149-156
Clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) were grown for several years on an altitudinal gradient (1750 m, 1150 m and 800 m above sea level) to study the effects
of environmental × genetic interactions on growth and foliar metabolites (protein, pigments, antioxidants). Clones at the
tree line showed 4.3-fold lower growth rates and contained 60% less chlorophyll (per gram of dry matter) than those at valley
level. The extent of growth reduction was clone-dependent. The mortality of the clones was low and not altitude-dependent.
At valley level, but not at high altitude, needles of mature spruce trees showed lower pigment and protein concentrations
than clones. In general, antioxidative systems in needles of the mature trees and young clones did not increase with increasing
altitude. Needles of all trees at high altitude showed higher concentrations of dehydroascorbate than at lower altitudes,
indicating higher oxidative stress. In one clone, previously identified as sensitive to acute ozone doses, this increase was
significantly higher and the growth reduction was stronger than in the other genotypes. This clone also displayed a significant
reduction in glutathione reductase activity at high altitude. These results suggest that induction of antioxidative systems
is apparently not a general prerequisite to cope with altitude in clones whose mother plants originated from higher altitudes
(about 650–1100 m above sea level, Hercycnic-Carpathian distribution area), but that the genetic constitution for maintenance
of high antioxidative protection is important for stress compensation at the tree line.
Received: 13 October 1998 / Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
208.
Céline Levron Larisa G. Poddubnaya Roman Kuchta Mark Freeman Yan-Hai Wang Tomá Scholz 《Invertebrate Biology》2008,127(2):153-161
Abstract. The ultrastructure of the tegument in Paraechinophallus japonicus (Bothriocephalidea: Echinophallidae), a cestode parasite of the bathypelagic fish Psenopsis anomala , was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Paraechinophallus japonicus lacks a true scolex. Four different types of microtriches have been observed on the tegumental surface of P. japonicus. Capilliform (∼2.3-μm long) and blade-like spiniform (∼1.4-μm long) microtriches are intermingled on the surface of the pseudoscolex. Capilliform microtriches are distinct in possessing a short base and a long electron-lucent cap. The strobila is covered with two types of microtriches, namely filiform (∼2.1-μm long) and tusk-shaped microtriches (≤4.5-μm long). Tusk-shaped microtriches are limited to the posterior border of each proglottid and are characterized by a short and narrow base, and a large and wide, sharply pointed, electron-dense cap. Similar tusk-shaped microtriches were previously found in members of the family Echinophallidae and may represent an autapomorphy of echinophallid cestodes, all of them being parasitic in centrolophid fish. A unified terminology of microthrix parts is proposed. 相似文献
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Molecular phylogeny of songbirds (Aves: Passeriformes) and the relative utility of common nuclear marker loci 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Simone Treplin Romy Siegert Christoph Bleidorn Hazell Shokellu Thompson Roger Fotso Ralph Tiedemann 《Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society》2008,24(3):328-349
While the monophyly of the largest avian order Passeriformes as well as its suborders suboscines (Tyranni) and oscines (Passeri) is well established, lower phylogenetic relationships of this fast radiated taxon have been a continuous matter of debate, especially within the suborder oscines. Many studies analyzing phylogenetic relationships of the Passeriformes using molecular markers have been published, which led to a better resolved phylogeny. Conflicting hypotheses and still remaining uncertainties, especially within the Passerida, have repeatedly stimulated further research with additional new markers. In the present study we used a combination of established molecular markers (RAG‐1, RAG‐2, c‐myc) and the recently introduced ZENK. We accomplished phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, both separately for all genes and simultaneously. To assess the phylogenetic utility of the different genes in avian systematics we analyzed the influence of each data partition on the phylogenetic tree yielded by the combined approach using partitioned Bremer support. Compared with the other single gene analyses, the ZENK trees exhibited by far the best resolution and showed the lowest amount of homoplasy. Our data indicate that this gene is—at least in passerines—suitable for inference of even old taxonomic splits. Our combined analysis yields well‐supported phylogenetic hypotheses for passerine phylogeny and apart from corroborating recently proposed hypotheses on phylogenetic relationships in the Passeriformes we provide evidence for some new hypotheses. The subdivision of the Passerida into three superfamilies, Sylvioidea, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea, the first as sister to the two latter groups is strongly supported. We found evidence for a split between Paridae and the remaining Sylvioidea. © The Willi Hennig Society 2007. 相似文献