基于证据权重法的丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性评价

采用证据权重法对扎龙丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性进行评价.利用RS和GIS的空间分析功能,分别提取土地利用、植被、铁路、国道及居民点的信息,建立证据专题层,确定相应证据层的权重值,然后进行条件独立性检验,最后生成后验概率图.利用证据权重法可以客观定量地评价栖息地适宜性,同样,一个客观的栖息地适宜性评价模型可以评估生物多样性价值,管理和保护湿地,为决策者保护珍贵的栖息环境提供智力支持.     

基于QUEST决策树兼容多源数据的淡水沼泽湿地信息提取

以三江平原东北部为例,探讨了中国典型淡水沼泽湿地信息的提取方法.利用TM卫星影像数据,基于半方差分析和z检验方法对比研究区典型地物不同尺度的各种纹理特征,从而遴选最优的窗口大小、纹理特征及其派生波段以提高地物之间的可分性.采用快速、无偏、高效统计树(quick,unbiased,and efficient statistical tree,QUEST)算法集成遥感影像的光谱特征、多尺度纹理特征和地学辅助数据建立研究区湿地信息提取的决策树模型.基于实测的GPS样本点采用混淆矩阵的方法对分类结果进行精度验证,并与传统的最大似然监督分类方法(maximum likelihood classification,MLC)进行对比.结果表明,基于QUEST的决策树分类结果的总精度和Kappa系数分别为84.58%和0.816,分类精度较MLC监督分类方法有明显提高,是内陆淡水沼泽湿地信息提取的有效手段.     

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ is required for the differentiation of THP-1 monocytic cells by phorbol ester

BACKGROUND: PPARdelta (NR1C2) promotes lipid accumulation in human macrophages in vitro and has been implicated in the response of macrophages to vLDL. We have investigated the role of PPARdelta in PMA-stimulated macrophage differentiation.The THP-1 monocytic cell line which displays macrophage like differentiation in response to phorbol esters was used as a model system. We manipulated the response to PMA using a potent synthetic agonist of PPARdelta, compound F. THP-1 sub-lines that either over-expressed PPARdelta protein, or expressed PPARdelta anti-sense RNA were generated. We then explored the effects of these genetic modulations on the differentiation process. RESULTS: The PPARdelta agonist, compound F, stimulated differentiation in the presence of sub-nanomolar concentrations of phorbol ester. Several markers of differentiation were induced by compound F in a synergistic fashion with phorbol ester, including CD68 and IL8. Over-expression of PPARdelta also sensitised THP-1 cells to phorbol ester and correspondingly, inhibition of PPARdelta by anti-sense RNA completely abolished this response. CONCLUSIONS: These data collectively demonstrate that PPARdelta plays a fundamental role in mediating a subset of cellular effects of phorbol ester and supports observations from mouse knockout models that PPARdelta is involved in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.     

An evaluation of the effects of exogenous ethephon,an ethylene releasing compound,on photosynthesis of mustard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis>) cultivars that differ in photosynthetic capacity

Background  

The stimulatory effect of CO₂ on ethylene evolution in plants is known, but the extent to which ethylene controls photosynthesis is not clear. Studies on the effects of ethylene on CO₂ metabolism have shown conflicting results. Increase or inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene has been reported. To understand the physiological processes responsible for ethylene-mediated changes in photosynthesis, stomatal and mesophyll effects on photosynthesis and ethylene biosynthesis in response to ethephon treatment in mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars differing in photosynthetic capacity were studied.     

果胶酶制剂中花色素酶的去除

以皂土为吸附剂,将花色素酶从粗果胶酶制剂中除去。分离效果受pH和皂土用量影响。皂土还具有一定的脱色作用。黑曲霉AS3.316麦麸固体曲用5倍重量的自来水于室温下抽提4小时。粗果胶酶拙提液中加入3％皂土,调pH至4.1,于室温下放置30分钟。过滤所得部分提纯酶液含果胶酶258u/ml,酶活力回收为88％。 100ml山楂汁和387u(1.5ml)上述部分提纯的果胶酶于50℃保温3小时后,澄清度由65％提高到98％;相对粘度由12.5下降到1.2;果胶完全水解;红色素完全保留着。     

Evolutionary rates for tuf genes in endosymbionts of aphids

The gene encoding elongation factor Tu (tuf) in aphid endosymbionts (genus Buchnera) evolves at rates of 1.3 x 10(-10) to 2.5 x 10(-10) nonsynonymous substitutions and 3.9 x 10(-9) to 8.0 x 10(-9) synonymous substitutions per position per year. These rates, which are at present among the most reliable substitution rates for protein-coding genes of bacteria, have been obtained by calibrating the nodes in the phylogenetic tree produced from the Buchnera EF-Tu sequences using divergence times for the corresponding ancestral aphid hosts. We also present data suggesting that the rates of nonsynonymous substitutions are significantly higher in the endosymbiont lineages than in the closely related free-living bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Synonymous substitution rates for Buchnera approximate estimated mutation rates for E. coli and S. typhimurium, as expected if synonymous changes act as neutral mutations in Buchnera. We relate the observed differences in substitution frequencies to the absence of selective codon preferences in Buchnera and to the influence of Muller's ratchet on small asexual populations.      

1H-NMR spin-spin relaxation time assessment of the reflection coefficient of the Triticale seed cell wall–plasmalemma barrier to mannitol

The ¹H-NMR spin-spin relaxation time (T₂) in Triticale seeds swelling in external osmotica, polyethylene glycol 8000 or mannitol can identify both bound and free water. At the same water content, the free water spin-spin relaxation time increases for seeds imbibed with the mannitol solution, demonstrating inadequate water potential adjustment. The exchange rate of free/bound water molecules is apparently influenced by the driving force for water flow. The reciprocal lifetime of free water molecules, as a measure of water flow through the main cell barrier, was obtained. From a model of the seed as a resistance–capacitor network for water flow, a method was derived for calculating the reflection coefficient σ as a lifetime ratio of the free water molecules in seeds imbibed with two different osmotica (one penetrating across the main cell barrier and one not penetrating) at the same water potential. The ¹H-NMR method and the classical method based on volume rate changes yielded reflection coefficients for mannitol for the cell wall–plasmalemma barrier of 0.78 ± 0.08 and 0.68 ± 0.06, respectively.     

不同真菌纤维素酶一些生物化学性质的比较

比较了属于6个属,即青霉(Penicillium)、曲霉(Aspergillus)、木霉(Trichoderma)、漆斑菌(Myrothecium)、镰孢霉(Fusarium)和腐质霉(Humicola),总计9株真菌在麦麸液体培养基中所产纤维素酶的一些生物化学性质。此外,还比较了这9株真菌在麦麸固体培养基上所产纤维素酶的活力以及对脱脂棉、水曲柳木屑、水曲柳木粉、废报纸和玉米芯糠醛废渣的糖化能力。     

低剂量UV-B辐射对乌拉尔甘草叶片光合机构的影响

为了探讨植物叶片对UV-B辐射增强的响应机制,采用叶绿素荧光测定技术,分别测定在人工模拟低剂量UV-B(2.4μW/cm~2)辐射条件下乌拉尔甘草叶片的叶绿素荧光诱导动力曲线、初始荧光(F_0)、最大荧光(F_m)、光合机构比活性参数(ABS/RC、TR_o/RC和ET_o/RC)和性能指数等变化规律。结果表明:(1)低剂量UV-B辐射未引起甘草叶片O-J-I-P叶绿素荧光诱导曲线中的相数发生改变,UV-B辐射对PSⅡ的影响主要发生在其受体侧,而非供体侧;(2)低剂量UV-B辐射引起了甘草叶片光合系统F_v/F_m以及F_m、F_0的明显变化,同时也影响了光合机构的开放程度和电子从Q_A向Q_B传递效率,从而影响了光转化效率;相应性能指数(PI_(abs)和PI_(total))的改变亦验证了此结果。研究认为,低剂量UV-B辐射抑制乌拉尔甘草叶片光合系统Ⅱ受体侧Q_A至PQ之间的电子传递效率,从而影响了Q_A之后的光化学反应及非光化学反应。     

猪蛔虫生长发育与繁殖力的研究

经对猪蛔虫雌虫体长,体重,子宫瞬间怀卵总量,相对毓力测定,发现怀卵总量与体长,体重有密切关系,呈正相关,还发现相对繁殖力,以体重１．０１－３．００ｇ,范围最佳,繁殖能力最强。