Successful embryo transfer in Tianzhu white yak using standard protocol

The present study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of superovulation, oestrus synchroni-zation, and embryo recovery in Tianzhu white yaks and also to confirm the pregnancy rate of black yaks, to which embryos collected from white yaks were transplanted. Forty-seven yaks were selected from different experiment groups, including 10 Tianzhu white female yaks (donor, group A) and 37 black female yaks (recipient, groups B and C). Superovulation of the donor was induced by the application procedure of CIDR-B FSH PG. Oestrus synchronization of recipients was induced using two meth-ods: group B was given the same treatment as group A, except that the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injection was not administered, whereas group C was injected with cloprostenol only once when corpus luteum (corpora lutea) was (were) palpated. The results showed that the oestrous rates in group A were higher (80%) than those in group B (60%) and group C (44.5%). As for the efficiency of su-perovulation, it was indicated that the mean numbers (±SD) of total corpora lutea, follicles, viable (transferable), and degenerated embryos were 4.75 ± 2.19, 1.13 ± 0.83, 2.50 ± 1.31, and 1.38 ± 0.92, re-spectively. The mean embryo recovery rates were 55.6%. All together, 18 viable embryos of Tianzhu white yak were obtained and 12 of them were transplanted to 10 recipients. The pregnancy rate was 50% and the delivery rate was 40%.     

甘肃小陇山锐齿栎种群结构分析

利用种群统计中的年龄结构,静态生命表和波谱分析的方法,对甘肃小陇山沙坝林业实验基地和麦草沟自然保护区中的锐齿栎种群结构动态进行分析,结果表明该种群年龄结构为衰退型。而静态生命表分析显示锐齿栎种群的存活曲线为DeeveyⅡ型,死亡率曲线有两个高峰;谱分析结果表明在锐齿栎种群自然更新的过程表现出明显的周期性。     

Bioactivity guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the liverwort Bazzania trilobata (L.) S.F. Gray

A dichloromethane and a methanol extract of the liverwort Bazzania trilobata showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Phythophthora infestans, Pyricularia oryzae and Septoria tritici. Bioautography on thin-layer chromatograms was used to isolate six antifungal sesquiterpenes: 5- and 7-hydroxycalamenene, drimenol, drimenal, viridiflorol, gymnomitrol and three bisbibenzyls: 6 ',8'-dichloroisoplagiochin C, isoplagiochin D and 6'-chloroisoplagiochin D. Furthermore we report the isolation of gymnomitr-8(12)-en-4-one and the new coumarin 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide. Their structures have been elucidated based on extensive NMR spectral evidence.     

纳豆激酶基因的优化设计、合成及其在烟草叶片中的瞬时表达

根据植物偏爱密码子优化设计、合成纳豆激酶基因sNK,利用重叠延伸PCR法在其中插入番茄果实特异性表达基因E8的第一内含子构成sNKi基因,通过农杆菌渗透法将这两种基因渗入到烟草NC89叶片中并实现瞬时表达。通过RT-qPCR法将两种基因在烟草叶片中转录水平的表达量进行比较,结果表明两种基因在烟草叶片中均表达,且sNKi基因的表达量显著高于sNK基因;通过纤维蛋白平板法在两种基因的瞬时表达样品中均能检测到纤溶酶活性,表明目的基因在烟草叶片中可正常翻译并表现出溶栓活性,且sNKi基因在翻译水平的表达量显著高于sNK基因。表明内含子对人工合成的纳豆激酶基因的瞬时表达具有显著的促进作用。     

固体脂质纳米粒制备方法的研究进展

固体脂质纳米粒是近年来备受关注的一种新型给药系统,本文对近年来固体脂质纳米粒的新型制备方法:薄膜接触器法、超声-挤压过滤法、微通道法、纳米反应嚣法的制备原理,方法及特点进行了讨论,并对现阶段存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

A polyvalent vaccine for high-risk prostate patients: “are more antigens better?”

We have shown the immunogenicity and safety of synthetic carbohydrate vaccines when conjugated to the carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and given with the adjuvant, QS-21, in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer. To determine whether immune response could be further enhanced with stimulation by multiple antigens, a hexavalent vaccine was prepared using previously determined doses and administered in a Phase II setting to 30 high-risk patients. The hexavalent vaccine included GM2, Globo H, Lewis^y, glycosylated MUC-1-32mer and Tn and TF in a clustered formation, conjugated to KLH and mixed with QS-21. Eight vaccinations were administered over 13 months. All 30 patients had significant elevations in antibody titers to at least two of the six antigens; 22 patients had increased reactivity with FACS. These serologic responses were lower than that seen previously in patients treated with the respective monovalent vaccines. The reciprocal median combined IgM and IgG antibody titers with ELISA against MUC1, Tn, TF, globo H and GM2 for these 30 patients were 640, 80, 120, 40 and 0, compared to 1280, 640, 1280, 320 and 160 seen in patients receiving individual monovalent vaccines. This hexavalent vaccine of synthetic “self” antigens broke immunologic tolerance against two or more antigens in all 30 vaccinated patients, was safe, but antibody titers against several of the antigens were lower than those seen in individual monovalent trials. No impact on PSA slope was detected. We address the relevance of the multivalent approach for prostate cancer treatment. Supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, The PepsiCo Foundation, The Sharon Hels and Brad Reed Fund, Swim Across America, The Sara Chait Foundation. Dr. Philip Livingston is a consultant for and shareholder in Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.     

马铃薯杂种无性株系的SSR鉴定及花粉育性和染色体构型分析

为明确马铃薯‘MB09’ב陇薯7号’杂种F1无性株系在DNA和细胞遗传学水平上的差异,该试验以亲本材料为对照,利用SSR分子标记技术对其20个优良无性株系(F1无性系一代)的DNA指纹特征进行分析,并采用常规制片镜检方法对已选出的8个杂种优良株系(F1无性系二代)的花粉育性及花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMⅠ)的染色体配对构型进行了研究,为马铃薯杂交新品系选育提供分子细胞遗传学依据。结果显示:(1)试验共筛选出2对SSR特异引物C57和S25,通过PCR扩增建立了能识别出这20个杂种株系及其双亲的SSR指纹图。(2)杂种优异株系F1-1、F1-2、F1-7、F1-11、F1-13、F1-14、F1-15和F1-20的花粉可育率变幅为36.73%~87.08%,并以株系F1-7最高(87.08%),而且显著超过高亲(83.33%),说明各优良株系花粉育性有一定差异。(3)对8个优异株系花粉母细胞的PMCMⅠ观察发现,各优良株系的染色体配对构型明显不同,均包括单价体、二价体、三价体和四价体4类,其中二价体构型的比例最高,其介于49.13%~82.91%之间,其中以株系F1-7的二价体比例最高(82.91%)。该研究明确了20个马铃薯杂种优良株系的SSR指纹特征和8个优异株系的花粉育性及染色体配对构型差异。     

Phenology shifts at start vs. end of growing season in temperate vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1982–2008

Changes in vegetative growing seasons are dominant indicators of the dynamic response of ecosystems to climate change. Therefore, knowledge of growing seasons over the past decades is essential to predict ecosystem changes. In this study, the long‐term changes in the growing seasons of temperate vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere were examined by analyzing satellite‐measured normalized difference vegetation index and reanalysis temperature during 1982–2008. Results showed that the length of the growing season (LOS) increased over the analysis period; however, the role of changes at the start of the growing season (SOS) and at the end of the growing season (EOS) differed depending on the time period. On a hemispheric scale, SOS advanced by 5.2 days in the early period (1982–1999) but advanced by only 0.2 days in the later period (2000–2008). EOS was delayed by 4.3 days in the early period, and it was further delayed by another 2.3 days in the later period. The difference between SOS and EOS in the later period was due to less warming during the preseason (January–April) before SOS compared with the magnitude of warming in the preseason (June–September) before EOS. At a regional scale, delayed EOS in later periods was shown. In North America, EOS was delayed by 8.1 days in the early period and delayed by another 1.3 days in the later period. In Europe, the delayed EOS by 8.2 days was more significant than the advanced SOS by 3.2 days in the later period. However, in East Asia, the overall increase in LOS during the early period was weakened in the later period. Admitting regional heterogeneity, changes in hemispheric features suggest that the longer‐lasting vegetation growth in recent decades can be attributed to extended leaf senescence in autumn rather than earlier spring leaf‐out.     

改良CCI大鼠痛行为学检测与损伤区自发放电活动再观察

目的：应用改良CCI模型研究外周神经损伤后痛觉过敏和自发放电各自特征及相互关系。方法：雄性SD大鼠,随机分为CCI组和Sham组,分别于术前1天和术后1、4、7、9、11、14天测定机械刺激缩足反射阈值和热缩腿反射潜伏期,同时选取术侧机械刺激缩腿反射阈值低于4g或者术侧和健侧热缩腿反射潜伏期差异大于2s的CCI模型大鼠观察术后4-14天损伤区自发放电活动。结果：神经纤维损伤后,机械痛敏和热痛敏随时间表现为逐渐增强,同时在损伤区观察到三类放电模式：整数倍放电﹑阵发放电和周期放电。结论：术后大鼠机械痛阈和热痛阈逐渐降低,机械痛敏的产生和损伤区自发放电活动关系密切,不同的放电模式可能代表不同的传入信息。     

中国特有植物血水草RAPD反应体系的优化

为建立血水草的RAPD-PCR最佳反应体系,对影响血水草RAPD反应的Mg²⁺、模板DNA、dNTPs、引物浓度和Taq聚合酶用量等因素进行优化。结果表明：25 μL反应体系中含10×Buffer 2.5 μL,1.8 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺,2U Taq DNA聚合酶,50 ng模板,0.2 mmol·L^-1 dNTPs,1.6 μmol·L^-1引物。扩增程序为：94℃预变性2 min;预扩增：94℃变性20 s,36℃退火30 s,72℃延伸75 s,5个循环;扩增：94℃变性20 s,40℃退火30 s,72℃延伸60 s,40个循环;72℃保温20 min,4℃保存。所建立的血水草RAPD-PCR反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力强、重复性好等特点,可以较好地应用于血水草的遗传多样性分析研究。