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1.
Studies on the lipozyme-catalyzed synthesis of butyl laurate 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of temperature, speed of agitation, enzyme concentration, etc., on butyl laurate synthessis using Mucor miehei lipase (Lipozymetrade mark) have been studied. Although the soluble enzyme was quite thermcstable in aqeous solution, it deactivated rapidly at and above 40 degrees C in the presence of butanol. This enzyme immobilized on an anion-exchange resin (Lipozymetrade mark) showed enhanced stability (as compared to the soluble form) to denaturation by butanol under the same conditions. The denaturation of M. miehei lipase was found to be a function of the butanol concentration in the aqueous phase, and rapid denaturation takes place at the concentration corresponding to its saturation at that temperature. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
2.
It has long been accepted that radiation-induced genetic effects require that DNA be hit and damaged directly by the radiation. Recently, evidence has accumulated that in cell populations exposed to low doses of alpha particles, biological effects occur in a larger proportion of cells than are estimated to have been traversed by alpha particles. The end points observed include chromosome aberrations, mutations and gene expression. The development of a fast single-cell microbeam now makes it possible to expose a precisely known proportion of cells in a population to exactly defined numbers of alpha particles, and to assay for oncogenic transformation. The single-cell microbeam delivered no, one, two, four or eight alpha particles through the nuclei of all or just 10% of C3H 10T1/2 cells. We show that (a) more cells can be inactivated than were actually traversed by alpha particles and (b) when 10% of the cells on a dish are exposed to alpha particles, the resulting frequency of induced transformation is not less than that observed when every cell on the dish is exposed to the same number of alpha particles. These observations constitute evidence suggesting a bystander effect, i.e., that unirradiated cells are responding to damage induced in irradiated cells. This bystander effect in a biological system of relevance to carcinogenesis could have significant implications for risk estimation for low-dose radiation. 相似文献
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A major difference between the divergence patterns within the lines-1 families in mice and voles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vanlerberghe F; Bonhomme F; Hutchison CA d; Edgell MH 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(4):719-731
L1 retroposons are represented in mice by subfamilies of interspersed
sequences of varied abundance. Previous analyses have indicated that
subfamilies are generated by duplicative transposition of a small number of
members of the L1 family, the progeny of which then become a major
component of the murine L1 population, and are not due to any active
processes generating homology within preexisting groups of elements in a
particular species. In mice, more than a third of the L1 elements belong to
a clade that became active approximately 5 Mya and whose elements are >
or = 95% identical. We have collected sequence information from 13 L1
elements isolated from two species of voles (Rodentia: Microtinae: Microtus
and Arvicola) and have found that divergence within the vole L1 population
is quite different from that in mice, in that there is no abundant
subfamily of homologous elements. Individual L1 elements from voles are
very divergent from one another and belong to a clade that began a period
of elevated duplicative transposition approximately 13 Mya. Sequence
analyses of portions of these divergent L1 elements (approximately 250 bp
each) gave no evidence for concerted evolution having acted on the vole L1
elements since the split of the two vole lineages approximately 3.5 Mya;
that is, the observed interspecific divergence (6.7%-24.7%) is not larger
than the intraspecific divergence (7.9%-27.2%), and phylogenetic analyses
showed no clustering into Arvicola and Microtus clades.
相似文献
6.
The present investigation was aimed at developing cytarabine-loaded poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA)-based biodegradable nanoparticles
by a modified nanoprecipitation which would have sustained release of the drug. Nine batches were prepared as per 32 factorial design to optimize volume of the co-solvent (0.22–0.37 ml) and volume of non-solvent (1.7–3.0 ml). A second 32 factorial design was used for optimization of drug: polymer ratio (1:5) and stirring time (30 min) based on the two responses,
mean particle size (125 ± 2.5 nm), and percentage entrapment efficiency (21.8 ± 2.0%) of the Cyt-PLGA nanoparticles. Optimized
formulation showed a zeta potential of −29.7 mV indicating good stability; 50% w/w of sucrose in Cyt-PLGA NP was added successfully as cryoprotectant during lyophilization for freeze-dried NPs and showed
good dispersibility with minimum increase in their mean particle sizes. The DSC thermograms concluded that in the prepared
PLGA NP, the drug was present in the amorphous phase and may have been homogeneously dispersed in the PLGA matrix. In vitro drug release from the pure drug was complete within 2 h, but was sustained up to 24 h from PLGA nanoparticles with Fickian
diffusion. Stability studies showed that the developed PLGA NPs should be stored in the freeze-dried state at 2–8°C where
they would remain stable in terms of both mean particle size and drug content for 2 months. 相似文献
7.
Prasad Priti Khatoon Uzma Verma Rishi Kumar Sawant Samir V Bag Sumit K 《Functional & integrative genomics》2022,22(5):989-1002
Functional & Integrative Genomics - Advancement of the gene expression study provides comprehensive information on pivotal genes at different cotton fiber development stages. For the betterment... 相似文献
8.
Expression of tissue kallikrein and kinin receptors in angiogenic microvascular endothelial cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Plendl J Snyman C Naidoo S Sawant S Mahabeer R Bhoola KD 《Biological chemistry》2000,381(11):1103-1115
Angiogenesis is the sprouting of new capillary blood vessels from pre-existing ones. The kinin family of vasoactive peptides, formed by the serine protease tissue kallikrein from its endogenous multifunctional protein substrate kininogen, is believed to regulate the angiogenic process. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of tissue kallikrein and kinin receptors in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. Microvascular endothelial cells from the bovine mature and regressing corpus luteum were used only if they reacted with known endothelial cell markers. At first the cultured endothelial cells began sprouting, and within four weeks formed three-dimensional, capillary-like structures. Immunolabelling for tissue prokallikrein and the mature enzyme was intense in the angiogenic endothelial cells derived from mature corpora lutea. Immunoreactivity was lower in non-angiogenic endothelial cells and least in angiogenic endothelial cultures of the regressing corpus luteum. Additionally, using specific antisense DIG-labelled probes, tissue kallikrein mRNA was demonstrated in cells of the angiogenic phenotype. Immunolabelled kinin B2 receptors, but not kinin B1 receptors, were visualised on angiogenic endothelial cells. Our results suggest an important regulatory role for kinins in the multiple steps of the angiogenic cascade that may occur in wound healing and cancer cell growth. 相似文献
9.
A simple procedure for the extraction of the lipolytic activity from rice bran has been developed. Various conditions of extraction have been optimized so as to obtain maximum yield of the lipase. It was found that high enzyme activity could be obtained by first defatting the rice bran to remove the lipid component. This was followed by five cycles of aqueous extraction (potassium phosphate buffer, 50 mM and pH 7, containing 0.5 mM of CaCl(2)). The stability of the rice bran lipase under storage and operative conditions was investigated. Further, the influence of glycerol as a stabilizer has been assessed. It was found that further purification using micro- and ultrafiltration yielded an enzyme preparation with higher activity and specific activity and better stability. 相似文献
10.
The yeast has important role in fermentation of wine grapes and wine quality. The fermentation of wine grapes affect by efficiency of particular yeast strain, sugar content, pH, available temperature, etc. To evaluate the efficiency of yeast strains (Premier Cuvee, RS-1, RS-2, RS-3 and natural), present study was conducted on two wine grape varieties viz.; Sauvignon Blanc (White) and Cabernet Sauvignon (Red). Efficiency of yeast strains was evaluated in terms of conversion rate of sugar into alcohol. As per recorded data, strain RS-3 (Pichia kudriavzevii) was found more efficient than other strains in fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon with efficiency of 84.4 per cent but in case of Sauvignon Blanc, the commercial culture Premier Cuevee was found superior over RS-3. The quality parameters of young wines of both the varieties were also affected by the used strains. Considering the efficiency and impact on various parameters of wines, local strain, i.e., RS-3 was found at par with commercial culture (Premier Cuvee). The RS-3 strain has potential to produce quality wines. However, studies on effects of RS-3 strain on some specific quality parameters of wines like varietal aroma compounds, flavours etc. are needed. 相似文献