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991.
Dua T Barbui C Clark N Fleischmann A Poznyak V van Ommeren M Yasamy MT Ayuso-Mateos JL Birbeck GL Drummond C Freeman M Giannakopoulos P Levav I Obot IS Omigbodun O Patel V Phillips M Prince M Rahimi-Movaghar A Rahman A Sander JW Saunders JB Servili C Rangaswamy T Unützer J Ventevogel P Vijayakumar L Thornicroft G Saxena S 《PLoS medicine》2011,8(11):e1001122
992.
Noor NM Steer DL Wheaton BJ Ek CJ Truettner JS Dietrich WD Dziegielewska KM Richardson SJ Smith AI VandeBerg JL Saunders NR 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e27465
Recovery from severe spinal injury in adults is limited, compared to immature animals who demonstrate some capacity for repair. Using laboratory opossums (Monodelphis domestica), the aim was to compare proteomic responses to injury at two ages: one when there is axonal growth across the lesion and substantial behavioural recovery and one when no axonal growth occurs. Anaesthetized pups at postnatal day (P) 7 or P28 were subjected to complete transection of the spinal cord at thoracic level T10. Cords were collected 1 or 7 days after injury and from age-matched controls. Proteins were separated based on isoelectric point and subunit molecular weight; those whose expression levels changed following injury were identified by densitometry and analysed by mass spectrometry. Fifty-six unique proteins were identified as differentially regulated in response to spinal transection at both ages combined. More than 50% were cytoplasmic and 70% belonged to families of proteins with characteristic binding properties. Proteins were assigned to groups by biological function including regulation (40%), metabolism (26%), inflammation (19%) and structure (15%). More changes were detected at one than seven days after injury at both ages. Seven identified proteins: 14-3-3 epsilon, 14-3-3 gamma, cofilin, alpha enolase, heart fatty acid binding protein (FABP3), brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) and ubiquitin demonstrated age-related differential expression and were analysed by qRT-PCR. Changes in mRNA levels for FABP3 at P7+1day and ubiquitin at P28+1day were statistically significant. Immunocytochemical staining showed differences in ubiquitin localization in younger compared to older cords and an increase in oligodendrocyte and neuroglia immunostaining following injury at P28. Western blot analysis supported proteomic results for ubiquitin and 14-3-3 proteins. Data obtained at the two ages demonstrated changes in response to injury, compared to controls, that were different for different functional protein classes. Some may provide targets for novel drug or gene therapies. 相似文献
993.
Hultberg A Temperton NJ Rosseels V Koenders M Gonzalez-Pajuelo M Schepens B Ibañez LI Vanlandschoot P Schillemans J Saunders M Weiss RA Saelens X Melero JA Verrips CT Van Gucht S de Haard HJ 《PloS one》2011,6(4):e17665
For efficient prevention of viral infections and cross protection, simultaneous targeting of multiple viral epitopes is a powerful strategy. Llama heavy chain antibody fragments (VHH) against the trimeric envelope proteins of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Fusion protein), Rabies virus (Glycoprotein) and H5N1 Influenza (Hemagglutinin 5) were selected from llama derived immune libraries by phage display. Neutralizing VHH recognizing different epitopes in the receptor binding sites on the spikes with affinities in the low nanomolar range were identified for all the three viruses by viral neutralization assays. By fusion of VHH with variable linker lengths, multimeric constructs were made that improved neutralization potencies up to 4,000-fold for RSV, 1,500-fold for Rabies virus and 75-fold for Influenza H5N1. The potencies of the VHH constructs were similar or better than best performing monoclonal antibodies. The cross protection capacity against different viral strains was also improved for all three viruses, both by multivalent (two or three identical VHH) and biparatopic (two different VHH) constructs. By combining a VHH neutralizing RSV subtype A, but not subtype B with a poorly neutralizing VHH with high affinity for subtype B, a biparatopic construct was made with low nanomolar neutralizing potency against both subtypes. Trivalent anti-H5N1 VHH neutralized both Influenza H5N1 clade1 and 2 in a pseudotype assay and was very potent in neutralizing the NIBRG-14 Influenza H5N1 strain with IC(50) of 9 picomolar. Bivalent and biparatopic constructs against Rabies virus cross neutralized both 10 different Genotype 1 strains and Genotype 5.The results show that multimerization of VHH fragments targeting multiple epitopes on a viral trimeric spike protein is a powerful tool for anti-viral therapy to achieve "best-in-class" and broader neutralization capacity. 相似文献
994.
Pagani I Chertkov O Lapidus A Lucas S Del Rio TG Tice H Copeland A Cheng JF Nolan M Saunders E Pitluck S Held B Goodwin L Liolios K Ovchinikova G Ivanova N Mavromatis K Pati A Chen A Palaniappan K Land M Hauser L Jeffries CD Detter JC Han C Tapia R Ngatchou-Djao OD Rohde M Göker M Spring S Sikorski J Woyke T Bristow J Eisen JA Markowitz V Hugenholtz P Klenk HP Kyrpides NC 《Standards in genomic sciences》2011,4(2):154-162
Marivirga tractuosa (Lewin 1969) Nedashkovskaya et al. 2010 is the type species of the genus Marivirga, which belongs to the family Flammeovirgaceae. Members of this genus are of interest because of their gliding motility. The species is of interest because representative strains show resistance to several antibiotics, including gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, polymixin and streptomycin. This is the first complete genome sequence of a member of the family Flammeovirgaceae. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4,511,574 bp long chromosome and the 4,916 bp plasmid with their 3,808 protein-coding and 49 RNA genes are a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. 相似文献
995.
996.
Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint performance during the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of β-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint performance during an intermittent exercise protocol designed to replicate games play. Sixteen elite and twenty non-elite game players performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on two separate occasions. Trials were separated by 4 weeks of supplementation with either β-alanine (BA) or maltodextrin (MD). There was no deterioration in sprint times from Set 1 to Set 6 of the LIST in either group prior to supplementation (elite: P=0.92; non-elite: P=0.12). Neither BA nor MD supplementation affected sprint times. Blood lactate concentrations were elevated during exercise in both groups, with no effect of supplementation. β-Alanine supplementation did not significantly improve sprint performance during the LIST. Neither group showed a performance decrement prior to supplementation, which might have masked any benefit from increased muscle buffering capacity due to β-alanine supplementation. 相似文献
997.
Vijay Kumar D Hoarau C Bursavich M Slattum P Gerrish D Yager K Saunders M Shenderovich M Roth BL McKinnon R Chan A Cimbora DM Bradford C Reeves L Patton S Papac DI Williams BL Carlson RO 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2012,22(13):4377-4385
Efforts to optimize biological activity, novelty, selectivity and oral bioavailability of Mps1 inhibitors, from a purine based lead MPI-0479605, are described in this Letter. Mps1 biochemical activity and cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cell line were improved. On-target activity confirmation via mechanism based G2/M escape assay was demonstrated. Physico-chemical and ADME properties were optimized to improve oral bioavailability in mouse. 相似文献
998.
Biosorption of heavy metals using dried algal biomass has been extensively described but rarely implemented. We contend this is because available algal biomass is a valuable product with a ready market. Therefore, we considered an alternative and practical approach to algal bioremediation in which algae were cultured directly in the waste water stream. We cultured three species of algae with and without nutrient addition in water that was contaminated with heavy metals from an Ash Dam associated with coal-fired power generation and tested metal uptake and bioremediation potential. All species achieved high concentrations of heavy metals (to 8% dry mass). Two key elements, V and As, reached concentrations in the biomass of 1543 mg.kg(-1) DW and 137 mg.kg(-1) DW. Growth rates were reduced by more than half in neat Ash Dam water than when nutrients were supplied in excess. Growth rate and bioconcentration were positively correlated for most elements, but some elements (e.g. Cd, Zn) were concentrated more when growth rates were lower, indicating the potential to tailor bioremediation depending on the pollutant. The cosmopolitan nature of the macroalgae studied, and their ability to grow and concentrate a suite of heavy metals from industrial wastes, highlights a clear benefit in the practical application of waste water bioremediation. 相似文献
999.
Purpose
To investigate the utility of uncorrected visual acuity measures in screening for refractive error in white school children aged 6-7-years and 12-13-years.Methods
The Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study used a stratified random cluster design to recruit children from schools in Northern Ireland. Detailed eye examinations included assessment of logMAR visual acuity and cycloplegic autorefraction. Spherical equivalent refractive data from the right eye were used to classify significant refractive error as myopia of at least 1DS, hyperopia as greater than +3.50DS and astigmatism as greater than 1.50DC, whether it occurred in isolation or in association with myopia or hyperopia.Results
Results are presented from 661 white 12-13-year-old and 392 white 6-7-year-old school-children. Using a cut-off of uncorrected visual acuity poorer than 0.20 logMAR to detect significant refractive error gave a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 92% in 6-7-year-olds and 73% and 93% respectively in 12-13-year-olds. In 12-13-year-old children a cut-off of poorer than 0.20 logMAR had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 91% in detecting myopia and a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 84% in detecting hyperopia.Conclusions
Vision screening using logMAR acuity can reliably detect myopia, but not hyperopia or astigmatism in school-age children. Providers of vision screening programs should be cognisant that where detection of uncorrected hyperopic and/or astigmatic refractive error is an aspiration, current UK protocols will not effectively deliver. 相似文献1000.
Xiao-Yu Dong Zhong Liu Richard M. K. Saunders Zhi-Duan Chen 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(4):713-722
The organogenesis of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandraceae) was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, with observations on the development of tepals reported
for the first time. The results showed that there is no interval between the initiation of the last tepal and that of the
first stamen or carpel, and that the shapes of tepal, stamen, and carpel primordia are similar. The tepals and stamens of
staminate flowers are initiated acropetally in a continuous spiral Fibonacci phyllotaxis, with no carpel structures observed;
the filaments are not connate. The organogenesis of the carpellate flowers is similar to that of the staminate flowers, but
with no evidence of stamen development. The carpels are ascidiate without postgenital fusion. Three androecial characters
of Schisandra and Kadsura are discussed in a phylogenetic context. The subglobose or obovoid androecium of Schisandra
propinqua and Schisandra plena may be homologous with that in sections Kadsura and Sarcocarpon. The plesiomorphic form of the androecium within the two genera is likely to be elongate with more than ten free stamens. 相似文献